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All Journal Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Journal of Terrorism Studies International Review of Humanities Studies Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies
Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop
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Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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CHINA'S CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND ITS ENGAGEMENT WITH THE PERANAKAN COMMUNITY IN MALACCA Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop; Thien, Lee Yuen
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 10, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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China's cultural diplomacy utilizes a range of strategies, including cultural exchange programs, media outreach, and people-to-people interactions, to further its national interests and enhance its international image. The primary aims are to foster a positive perception of China, build mutual understanding and trust with other nations, and expand China's cultural and economic influence. The overseas Chinese community in Southeast Asia has been recognized as a crucial conduit for advancing Chinese cultural policy globally. Recently, the Chinese government has conducted official visits to the Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum in Malacca, Malaysia, exemplifying its efforts to engage with the local community. This research article explores China's engagement with Southeast Asia through cultural heritage, with a particular focus on the Peranakan community in Malaysia as a case study.
An Alternative to the Liberal World Order: China, BRICS, and Middle East Diplomacy Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop; Sims, Juan Pablo
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This paper explores how China and BRICS are emerging as strategic alternatives to the liberal international order, particularly in the realm of diplomacy and mediation for periphery states in the Middle East. Drawing on a realist theoretical framework, the study argues that these platforms offer pragmatic, interest-based avenues for engagement that contrast sharply with the conditionalities and normative expectations of Western-led institutions. Through case studies such as China’s mediation in the Iran–Saudi Arabia normalization and the expansion of BRICS+ to include Middle Eastern actors, the paper demonstrates how sovereignty, non-interference, and multipolarity have become central organizing principles for a new diplomatic architecture. For periphery states traditionally excluded or constrained by the liberal order, BRICS and China provide critical tools to bargain, hedge, and enhance agency in an increasingly fragmented world.
SOFT POWER: BRICS CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND THE REBALANCING OF GLOBAL NARRATIVES Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop; Sims, Juan Pablo
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 10, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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BRICS has broadened its agenda beyond finance to cultivate soft power through coordinated cultural diplomacy. Examining official statements, press releases, and scholarly commentary on the bloc’s flagship film, sports, and ministerial initiatives, this article shows that cooperation is advancing from one-off spectacles toward structured, recurring institutions. Findings indicate two simultaneous dynamics: outwardly, BRICS venues amplify Global-South perspectives that diversify international cultural flows; inwardly, member states use the same platforms to signal national prestige, revealing persistent status competition. The result is an early but uneven cultural architecture—one that counters Euro-Atlantic narrative dominance yet has not crystallized into a fully coherent BRICS identity. The study argues that success will hinge on tighter media coordination and concrete, mutually beneficial projects capable of deepening collective resonance while balancing internal hierarchies.
The Transformation of Thailand's Diplomatic Relations after the Bowring Treaty of 1855: From under the Chinese Diplomatic System to the Modern Diplomatic System Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The Bowring Treaty of 1855, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand), marked a pivotal moment in Siam’s integration into the global economy. Prior to the treaty, Siam's international trade was primarily conducted under the Chinese tributary system, which significantly shaped its economic and diplomatic interactions. The 1855 treaty, however, dramatically shifted Siam's foreign relations by diminishing China’s dominance as the regional power and opening Siam to increased European influence and trade. This research delves into the multifaceted impact of the treaty on Sino-Thai relations, examining its consequences on individual, state, and systemic levels. It explores how the treaty transformed Thailand's political economy, altered the role and status of the Chinese community within Thailand, and produced both positive and negative effects on Sino-Thai relations. The study contends that the Bowring Treaty was instrumental not only in reshaping Siam’s economic landscape but also in altering the dynamics of Sino-Thai relations significantly.
Indonesia in BRICS: A Realist Perspective Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop; Sims, Juan Pablo
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Indonesia’s 2025 accession to BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) appears at odds with the country’s long-standing bebas-aktif (“free and active”) tradition of non-alignment. This article explains the move through a layered realist approach and a purely theoretical, deductive method. First, the study integrates structural, offensive, and neoclassical realism to clarify four key mechanisms external balancing, hedging, relative gains, and status-seeking. It then maps propositions about what BRICS can offer Indonesia and tests them against existing realist scholarship on middle powers and emerging-power clubs. Analysis shows that BRICS chiefly serves as an external-balancing instrument, reducing Jakarta’s reliance on Western-centric institutions. Although any state can purchase shares in the New Development Bank (NDB), full BRICS membership ensures larger voting power over lending policy, enhancing Indonesia’s leverage while still granting access to faster, less conditional finance. Intra-BRICS technology partnerships and China-led Belt and Road projects promise additional relative gains, reinforcing economic and strategic autonomy. At home, membership boosts symbolic status, validating elite ambitions and a developmental-nationalist narrative. Yet Jakarta’s engagement remains deliberately shallow: it taps BRICS where pay-offs are high and keeps exit options open to avoid over-dependence on any single great power. The findings confirm core realist expectations: middle powers exploit an increasingly diversified institutional landscape to hedge against post-unipolar uncertainty and to bargain for better terms. Influence in today’s system accrues to actors that supply flexible, mutually reinforcing institutional choices rather than rigid blocs.
STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM AS A TOOL FOR PROXY WAR Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Sims, Juan Pablo; Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 7, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This paper explores the role of state-sponsored terrorism as a tool in proxy wars, examining its effectiveness in achieving short-term geopolitical objectives and its long-term consequences. By analyzing historical and contemporary case studies, such as Iran’s support for Hezbollah and Pakistan’s backing of militant groups in Kashmir, the paper demonstrates how states use financial, military, and intelligence resources to empower non-state actors. The analysis applies realist, constructivist, and asymmetrical warfare theories to understand the motivations behind state sponsorship and the risks involved, including blowback and international sanctions. The paper concludes by assessing the future of state-sponsored terrorism in light of evolving global security dynamics and counter-terrorism measures.
Co-Authors Lee, Brice Tseen Fu Sims, Juan Pablo Thien, Lee Yuen