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Challenges in IoMT Adoption in Healthcare: Focus on Ethics, Security, and Privacy Mabina, Alton; Rafifing, Neo; Seropola, Boago; Monageng, Thapelo; Majoo, Pulafela
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 6 No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Bina Darma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v6i4.960

This study highlights ethical, security, and privacy barriers to IoMT adoption in developing countries and proposes strategies like regulatory frameworks, data encryption, AI transparency, and professional training to address these challenges. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling real-time patient monitoring, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and supporting personalized treatments. However, significant privacy, security, and ethical challenges hinder its widespread adoption, particularly in underdeveloped nations. This study employs the PRISMA methodology to systematically review existing literature and identify key barriers to IoMT implementation in healthcare systems, with a focus on developing countries. Through a rigorous selection process, 80 studies were included in the analysis, revealing critical challenges such as inadequate data protection frameworks, ethical concerns around artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making, and risks of patient data exploitation. The findings provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, including the establishment of robust ethical guidelines, implementation of strong security measures, and use of advanced encryption techniques. Addressing these challenges is crucial to fostering the ethical and secure adoption of IoMT, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes globally Key recommendations for IoMT adoption include the implementation of advanced encryption techniques to safeguard patient data, the establishment of clear informed consent protocols, and the development of ethical guidelines to manage AI’s role in medical decision-making, ensuring transparency and patient autonomy.

Leveraging MANETs for Healthcare Improvement in Rural Botswana Mabina, Alton; Seropola, Boago; Rafifing, Neo; Kalu, Kalu
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 6 No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Bina Darma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v6i4.968

Rural health facilities in Botswana face significant challenges, including limited infrastructure, poor communication networks, and inadequate access to medical resources, which hinder quality healthcare delivery. This study investigates the feasibility and benefits of implementing Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in these underserved areas. A MANET is a decentralized wireless network where devices communicate directly with each other without relying on fixed infrastructure, allowing dynamic, self-configuring connections. Key solutions proposed include integrating MANETs with solar-powered systems to ensure continuous operation, developing localized health information systems to enhance data accessibility, and implementing community training programs to build local technical capacity. Additionally, designing resilient network architectures and collaborating with local telecom providers for hybrid solutions can improve reliability and coverage. Utilizing MANETs for real-time health monitoring and emergency alerts can enhance patient outcomes and response capabilities. The real-world implementation of MANETs is expected to improve emergency response times, reduce healthcare delivery delays, and facilitate faster decision-making in critical situations. This paper highlights the potential of MANETs to address healthcare disparities between rural and urban areas by providing sustainable, scalable, and reliable communication infrastructure. Future research should focus on extensive pilot programs, empirical data collection, and exploring the integration of advanced technologies to further enhance healthcare delivery in rural Botswana. These findings aim to inform policymakers and healthcare providers on adopting MANET technology to improve rural healthcare systems.

Improving Collaboration in Higher Education Through ChatGPT Using the Addie Framework Mabina, Alton
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v4i1.162

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has gained significant attention, particularly in enhancing collaborative learning. This study explores the effectiveness of ChatGPT in improving group interactions, critical thinking, and engagement using the ADDIE framework. The research provides a structured approach to AI adoption, ensuring it complements traditional teaching methods rather than replacing them. A systematic review of AI-supported educational frameworks was conducted, analyzing studies from academic databases. Inclusion criteria focused on research involving AI-assisted collaborative learning, while exclusion criteria omitted studies unrelated to higher education or lacking empirical evaluation. Results indicate that while models like Bloom’s Taxonomy, TPACK, and SAMR contribute to AI-enhanced learning, they lack structured implementation for collaborative activities. The ADDIE model offers a systematic framework for designing, developing, and evaluating AI-supported learning strategies, ensuring continuous refinement. Findings reveal that ChatGPT significantly enhances teamwork, problem-solving, and engagement in structured group activities. However, challenges such as ethical considerations, accessibility, and AI biases must be addressed. This study contributes by proposing a replicable AI-integration model, offering guidelines for policymakers and educators, and emphasizing responsible AI use. Future research should refine AI applications for inclusivity and ethical implementation in diverse educational settings.

Usability of Mobile Learning Technologies in Open and Distance Learning Rafifing, Neo; Mosinki, Joyce; Mabina, Alton; Otlhomile, Boitshoko E; Mphole, Ofaletse
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Bina Darma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v7i1.989

Mobile learning (m-learning) utilizes portable devices like smartphones and tablets for educational purposes and is gaining popularity, particularly in open and distance learning (ODL) contexts. This study explores the usability of mobile learning technologies among undergraduate students in ODL. An online survey questionnaire was administered to undergraduates enrolled in a Business course in Botswana and a usability conceptual model was developed. The findings revealed that predominant opportunities of using mobile learning technologies in ODL include improved student interaction and flexible learning schedules. Likewise, challenges embraced limited battery life, small screens, distractions from phone calls and notifications, and the high cost of internet bundles. To enhance adoption of mobile learning, the study recommends investments in infrastructure and internet connectivity. Furthermore, it suggests reducing internet costs through initiatives like government subsidies or partnerships with Telecom providers. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of training ODL educators and students in effective mobile learning technology utilization.

Exploring the Impact of IoT and Blockchain on Supply Chain Management in Developing Countries Rafifing, Neo; Mabina, Alton; Rafifing, Leatile W.; Mosinki, Joyce; Mphale, Ofaletse
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Bina Darma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v7i1.997

The rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is having diverse effects on underdeveloped nations, influencing them in various ways. Developed countries have an advantage over underdeveloped countries since they embraced industrialization earlier, widening the gap between them. This comprehensive survey paper examines the multifaceted landscape of industry 4.0 in supply chain, shedding light on the potential challenges and key value drivers in the context of a developing country. Findings revealed that inadequate digital infrastructure, limited access to electricity, and a shortage of skilled workforce are the primary challenges faced by developing countries in the supply chain domain. The study systematically examines industry 4.0 technologies and indicates a 20-30% improvement in supply chain efficiency through the adoption of key technologies like IoT, AI, and blockchain. The study concludes by offering future research on industry 4.0 in supply chain management. The study results are assumed to offer insightful information to supply chain managers in developing countries, by enabling them with a deeper understanding of the major challenges and key drivers involved in integrating Industry 4.0 in their organizations and network.

A Hybrid Framework for Securing 5G-Enabled Healthcare Systems Mabina, Alton
Journal of Technology and Informatics (JoTI) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 7 No.1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Dinamika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37802/joti.v7i1.970

The rapid adoption of 5G technology in healthcare introduces significant challenges regarding data privacy and security. This paper proposes a hybrid framework integrating blockchain, zero-trust architecture (ZTA), and AI-driven threat detection to address these challenges. Blockchain ensures secure, tamper-proof data storage, while ZTA strengthens access control by continuously verifying users and devices. AI contributes by providing real-time threat detection and dynamic response capabilities, making the system more resilient to evolving cyber risks. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze existing frameworks and identify gaps in 5G healthcare security. The findings reveal that while individual technologies such as blockchain and ZTA are well-established, their integration into a cohesive framework remains underexplored. The proposed hybrid solution effectively mitigates the risks associated with 5G networks by offering a multi-layered security approach. This research contributes to the field by proposing a scalable, adaptable security model suitable for 5G-enabled healthcare systems. Future research should focus on empirical validation, scalability testing, and exploring lightweight alternatives to blockchain and AI for resource-constrained environments. Additionally, investigating the integration of emerging technologies like quantum computing and 6G networks will further enhance the framework’s security capabilities. This study provides a foundation for developing secure, privacy-preserving systems for healthcare in the 5G era.

Ethical Implications of Chatgpt in Higher Education: a Systematic Review Mbotho, Amber; Mabina, Alton
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v4i2.164

This systematic review examines the ethical implications of ChatGPT in higher education, focusing on issues such as academic integrity, responsible AI use, and its impact on learning outcomes. A structured search of five major databases, following PRISMA methodology, identified 696 records, of which 44 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that ChatGPT, while a powerful educational tool, raises significant concerns about plagiarism, reduced critical thinking, and uneven adoption across regions. Studies demonstrate that ChatGPT can enhance learning when used as a supplementary resource but poses risks when relied upon excessively. The review highlights gaps in current research, particularly the lack of longitudinal studies and limited evidence on regional variations in adoption. Limitations of the review process, such as the exclusion of gray literature and potential biases in self-reported data, are acknowledged. Despite these limitations, the review offers actionable insights, emphasizing the need for robust ethical guidelines, enhanced plagiarism detection systems, and educator training to promote responsible AI use. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating AI in education by addressing its benefits and challenges. It calls for future research to explore long-term impacts and practical frameworks for ethical AI adoption, ensuring ChatGPT serves as a complementary tool rather than a disruptive force in higher education

Cultural Dimensions and Educational Technology Adoption in Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach in Developing Countries Mabina, Alton; Neo Rafifing; Boago Seropola; Kalu Ubi Kalu
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v4i3.160

This study examines how cultural dimensions influence the acceptance and usage of educational technology in higher education, particularly in developing countries. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with 250 university students and qualitative interviews with 25 educators and students to explore the role of cultural factors such as power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and digital readiness in technology adoption. The findings reveal that collectivist cultures demonstrate higher engagement with collaborative tools, while high power-distance cultures show reliance on authority figures for technology adoption. Additionally, digital literacy gaps and resistance to change hinder widespread implementation. These insights contribute to the theoretical refinement of technology acceptance models by integrating cultural variables and offer practical recommendations for policymakers and educators to design culturally responsive digital literacy programs. The study highlights the need for policies promoting inclusive and equitable access to educational technologies in diverse cultural settings. By addressing cultural barriers, this research advances the discourse on digital education and provides strategies to improve technology integration in higher education.

Decoding Gen-Z: The Impact of Social Networks on Their Decision-Making Mechanisms Monageng, Thapelo; Mabina, Alton
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v4i3.175

This research explores the influence of social media on the decision-making mechanisms of Generation Z, particularly in the context of political engagement and voting behavior. With social media platforms becoming increasingly central to how Gen-Z interacts with information, this study investigates the frequency and patterns of social media use among university students in Botswana, focusing on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok. A mixed-methods approach, incorporating both surveys and interviews, was employed to gather data from 345 participants at the University of Botswana. Findings reveal that a significant proportion of Gen-Z students encounter political content regularly on social media, with Facebook being the most frequently used platform for political engagement. The study highlights the role of social media in shaping political opinions, with many respondents indicating that their voting decisions were influenced by online interactions and content. However, concerns about misinformation and the reliability of sources were prevalent. The results provide insights into how social media platforms are increasingly integrated into Gen-Z’s decision-making processes, offering valuable implications for educators, marketers, and policymakers in Botswana. This research contributes to understanding the broader impact of social media on youth engagement in the political sphere and lays the groundwork for further studies on digital influence in African contexts.

Factors Influencing Gen Z’s Adoption and Usability on Internet of Things (Iots) in Higher Education: Case of Botswana Monageng, Thapelo; Rafifing, Neo; Mabina, Alton
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v4i4.176

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in higher education presents significant opportunities to enhance learning experiences and institutional operations. However, the adoption and effective utilization of IoT technologies among Generation Z (Gen Z) students in Botswana's higher education sector remain underexplored. This study investigates the factors influencing IoT adoption and usability among Gen-Z students in Botswana's higher education institutions, with a specific focus on the role of social media in shaping perceptions and decision-making processes. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study collected quantitative data through surveys from one hundred participants and qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews with twenty participants. Quantitative analysis revealed that entertainment and information gathering are primary motives for social media engagement, while trust in online content varies across demographics, and encounters with misinformation are common. Qualitative findings highlighted the role of peer validation and algorithm-driven content in shaping opinions. The findings reveal that social media significantly influences students’ awareness, trust, and attitudes toward IoT technologies, with exposure to misinformation and peer validation playing critical roles. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of digital literacy and ethical content moderation in fostering responsible IoT engagement. The results underscore the need for targeted strategies to promote IoT acceptance and digital literacy, ultimately enhancing the quality and effectiveness of technology-enabled learning in Botswana’s higher education sector. This research provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and technology developers aiming to facilitate the responsible integration of IoT in higher education.

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