Jajan, Khalid Ibrahim Khalaf
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Facial Expression Recognition Based on Deep Learning: A Review Jajan, Khalid Ibrahim Khalaf; Abdulazeez, Prof. Dr. Eng. Adnan Mohsin
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science (IJCS)
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v13i1.3705

Abstract

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in Facial Expression Recognition (FER) through various deep learning models. Seven state-of-the-art models are scrutinized, each offering unique contributions to the field. The MBCC-CNN model demonstrates improved recognition rates on diverse datasets, addressing the challenges of facial expression recognition through multiple branches and cross-connected convolutional neural networks. The Deep Graph Fusion model introduces a novel approach for predicting viewer expressions from videos, showcasing superior performance on the EEV database. Multimodal emotion recognition is explored in the EEG and facial expression fusion model, achieving high accuracy on the DEAP dataset. The Spark-based LDSP-TOP descriptor, coupled with a 1-D CNN and LSTM Autoencoder, excels in capturing temporal dynamics for facial expression understanding. Vision transformers for micro-expression recognition exhibit outstanding accuracy on datasets like CASMEI, CASME-II, and SAMM. Additionally, a hierarchical deep learning model is proposed for evaluating teaching states based on facial expressions. Lastly, a visionary transformer model achieves remarkable recognition accuracy of 100% on SAMM dataset, showcasing the potential of combining convolutional and transformer architectures. This review synthesizes key findings, highlights model performances, and outlines directions for future research in FER.
Optimizing Performance in Distributed Cloud Architectures: A Review of Optimization Techniques and Tools Jajan, Khalid Ibrahim Khalaf; Subhi R. M. Zeebaree
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science (IJCS)
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v13i2.3805

Abstract

This research paper presents a groundbreaking hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) architecture designed to revolutionize real-time point cloud data processing, particularly in autonomous driving environments. Integrating elements from both columnar and row-based tables within a spatial database, the proposed architecture offers unparalleled efficiency in managing and updating point cloud data in real-time. The architecture's distributed nature operates through a seamless synergy of Edge and Cloud components. The Edge segment operates within the Robot Operating System (ROS) environment of the vehicle, while the Cloud counterpart functions within the PostgreSQL environment of cloud services. The communication between these components is facilitated by Kafka, ensuring rapid and reliable data transmission. A pivotal aspect of the proposed system lies in its ability to autonomously detect changes in point cloud data over time. This is achieved through a sophisticated algorithm that analyzes dissimilarities in the data, triggering real-time updates in areas where high dissimilarity is detected. The system ensures the maintenance of the latest state of point cloud data, contributing significantly to the generation of safe and optimized routes for autonomous vehicles. In terms of optimization, the paper demonstrates how the HTAP architecture achieves real-time online analytical processing through query parallelization in a distributed database cluster. The system's efficacy is evaluated through simulations conducted in the CloudSim framework, showcasing its scalability, adaptability, and robustness in handling point cloud data processing for a single vehicle. While acknowledging the achievement of the proposed architecture, certain limitations are recognized. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the system's performance under simultaneous analysis and updates from multiple vehicles. Additionally, ensuring seamless scalability and robustness for uninterrupted operation and expansion during runtime is identified as an area requiring further development.