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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Fasya, Muhammad Rizki Firdaus
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Heavy metals in water and sediment of Way Ratai River due to small-scale gold mining activities in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province (Part I: mercury, cyanide, lead, and arsenic) Istighfarah, Vedelya; Dermiyati, Dermiyati; Rinawati; Prasetia, Hendra; Fasya, Muhammad Rizki Firdaus
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.123.7389

Abstract

The use of mercury and cyanide in the gold separation process at small-scale gold mining in Pesawaran Regency can carry mercury (Hg), cyanide (CN-), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) as other heavy metals that are also harmful to the environment. This study aimed to determine the concentration and distribution of some heavy metals (Hg, CN-, Pb, As) found in the water and sediment of the Way Ratai River. Water and sediment samples were taken at 5 points along the Way Ratai River. The heavy metal analysis method used a Mercury Analyzer, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, and X-ray fluorescence. Mapping the distribution of heavy metal concentrations uses ArcGIS with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The results showed that the average concentration of Hg in water was 0.006 ppm, As was 0.023 ppm, and CN- was 0.003 ppm; Pb was not detected in river water. Meanwhile, in the river sediments, the average Hg was 11.83 ppm, As was 449.10 ppm, Pb was 450.88 ppm, and CN- was 0.38 ppm. It can be concluded that the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment of Way Ratai River is in the high category; the heavy metal content in river sediment is higher than that in water. For this reason, it is necessary to manage waste from gold processing activities, such as coagulation and absorption, to reduce the potential for environmental pollution.
Heavy metals in water and sediment of Way Ratai River due to small-scale gold mining activities in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province (Part II: zinc, copper, cadmium, iron, and manganese) Istighfara, Vedelya; Dermiyati, Dermiyati; Rinawati, Rinawati; Prasetia, Hendra; Fasya, Muhammad Rizki Firdaus
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8705

Abstract

Heavy-metal contamination in river systems poses an escalating threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study provides the first integrated geospatial assessment of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in water and sediment of the Way Ratai River, an area increasingly impacted by artisanal gold processing. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence were used to evaluate water and sediment samples that were gathered at five key locations. Spatial interpolation via ArcGIS with an inverse distance weighting algorithm identified contamination hotspots. In river water, Zn averaged 0.05 ppm, Mn 0.009 ppm, and Fe 0.075 ppm, while Cd and Cu were below detection limits. Sediment concentrations were markedly elevated: Zn 702.62 ppm, Mn 685.60 ppm, Fe 2,954.72 ppm, and Cu 253.84 ppm. All detected metals exceeded regional background thresholds, particularly near gold-processing effluent zones, indicating significant geochemical accumulation. These findings underscore the urgent need for stringent waste-management protocols—such as coagulation and adsorption systems—to mitigate heavy-metal release and protect downstream ecosystems and human communities. This research closes a critical data gap and offers a spatially resolved framework for monitoring and remediation strategies in mining-impacted watersheds.
Co-Authors Dermiyati, Dermiyati Hendra Prasetia Istighfara, Vedelya Istighfarah, Vedelya Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Rinawati Rinawati Rinawati