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All Journal Respiratory Science Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Hastuti, Nurima Diyah Puji
Unknown Affiliation
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Correlation Between Coinfection of Severe and Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients In Intensive Care Unit with Leucocyte, Neutrophil, CRP, Procalcitonin and Length of Stay Prayitno, Harman; Sugiri, Yani Jane; Astuti, Tri Wahju; Fatoni, Arie Zainul; Hastuti, Nurima Diyah Puji
Respiratory Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Respiratory Science
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/respirsci.v5i2.167

Abstract

Background: Severe or critical COVID-19 infections are linked to admissions in the intensive care unit (ICU), which increases the risk of coinfection and results in a worsened prognosis. This research seeks to evaluate the relationship between bacterial and fungal coinfection in COVID-19 and leukocyte, neutrophil, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), procalcitonin levels, length of stay, and outcome (whether the patient was discharged from ICU to the ward or died). Method: This research constitutes a retrospective cohort analysis. Data was collected from the medical records of patients admitted to the ICU of Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Malang from August 2020 to August 2021, who tested positive for COVID-19. A total of 352 individuals qualified according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Coinfection occurred in 22.2% of COVID-19 patients, with bacterial 84.61%, fungal 11.53%, and both bacterial and fungal 3.84%. The average stay for patients without coinfection was 6 days, while it was 13 days for those with coinfection. We also observed a rise in mortality rate for coinfection at 71.8% compared to 31% for non-coinfection. Coinfection with bacterial, fungal, or both types in COVID-19 shows a positive correlation with Leucocyte (P=0.001; r=0.356), Neutrophil (P=0.001; r=0.438), CRP (P=0.003; r=0.164) and Procalcitonin (P=0.001; r=0.192) as well as a positive correlation with the length of stay (P=0.001) and a negative correlation with the outcome (P=0.001). Conclusion: Coinfection occurred in just about one-fifth of COVID-19 patients. We suggest prescribing antimicrobials only when there is a compelling reason. Timely detection of bacterial and fungal coinfection was essential to identify high-risk patients and determine appropriate interventions to prevent longer hospital stays and reduce mortality.
Comparison between cytomegalovirus and HIV viral load among HIV patient who underwent antiretroviral therapy Tulle, Andrew; Santosaningsih, Dewi; Hastuti, Nurima Diyah Puji
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Available online : 1 December 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v5i2.75

Abstract

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most prevalent viral infections in humans. The prevalence is approximately 20 percent among children and nearly 100 percent among adults. Among immunocompetent individuals, CMV infection remains predominantly asymptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients such as people with HIV (PWH), it can cause end-organ diseases that may be life-threatening. With the increasing administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection can be controlled, and complications from CMV infection have been decreasing. One critical method for monitoring CMV infection is identifying CMV viremia. This study aims to investigate whether CMV viremia persists in PWH undergoing ART and to explore its relationship with HIV viral load. The research seeks to provide insights to guide clinical management of CMV reactivation in this patient population Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed archived plasma samples to detect and compare CMV viral load and HIV viral load among PWH undergoing ART. The samples were archived biological materials collected for HIV viral load detection. All samples were previously tested by PCR to detect CMV. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation test. Result: Among 67 total samples, seven were identified as CMV positive, displaying various viral load concentrations. Analysis using the Mann-Whitney test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between variables, while the Spearman correlation test showed no correlation between them. This indicated that CMV viremia may not be directly influenced by HIV infection. Conclusion: Despite the significant difference between variables, the CMV viral load among PWH undergoing ART was not correlated with HIV viral load status. These findings suggest that CMV monitoring should be considered independently of HIV viral load status. However, the limited sample size suggests caution in generalizing these findings.
Co-Authors Arie Zainul Fatoni Dewi Santosaningsih Prayitno, Harman Sugiri, Yani Jane Tri Wahju Astuti, Tri Wahju Tulle, Andrew