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A Sociological Analysis of Employment Discrimination Against Women in Pakistan Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Qurratul Ain Sardar; Anam Aqil Khan
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-6.1.2

In Pakistan, women treat not equally as a man in every stage of life. The patriarchal system of Pakistan retains women behindhand the man and generates inequalities to have equal social and economic opportunities of life enjoyment for the woman. A healthier lifestyle depends on the earning status of an individual. Without earning, the maintenance of the lifecycle cannot be possible. Pakistan is an underdeveloped country the half proportion of the population consists of women. Women’s participation in the labor force can improve the economy of the country and perform an active role in finishing poverty in Pakistan. The current study has been conducted from Balochistan, the most backward province of Pakistan. The people of Balochistan have strict cultural values and a tribal system, where the best place for women to stay is around the four walls of the home. They are not allowed to work outside the home. The number of working women is less as compared to men in the formal sector. The research aims to highlight the problems of women's employment due to male dominancy at the workplace. The nature of the study is quantitative; the area of study is higher educational institutes of Quetta Balochistan. Through simple random sampling, 500 respondents were selected. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The hypothetical statement was tested by the chi-square test. The p-value of the chi-square is lesser than 0.05. The results of the study show that due to the male-dominancy women do not have equal opportunities of selection at the workplace. The males' strong positions in the labor market create hurdles regarding women's employment. This study will be helpful for economists, the social welfare department, women development programs, different NGOs working for women's development to introduce policies for women's employment.

Workplace Harassment and Job Satisfaction: A Sociological Study among Female Employees of Quetta (Balochistan) Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Anam Aqil Khan; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 5: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-5.5.3

This study focused on the impact of workplace harassment on the job satisfaction of female workers. Harassment is a common issue in every level of employment. Workplace harassment includes verbal, psychological, and physical torture to harass working women. Women face abusive situations at the workplace based on their class, caste, social status, sexual direction. Workplace bullying affects women’s level of job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction is the behavior of employees towards their experiences related to the services. This study aims to examine the effects of harassment on the job satisfaction of working women in Quetta (Balochistan). Therefore, the sample was selected from higher educational institutes and educational directorates of Quetta. The structured questionnaire was distributed among 500 female workers. The sample was drawn with the help of simple random sampling. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze the data. The results show a significant negative association between harassment and job satisfaction of females. The results of the study indicate that workplace harassment affects the level of satisfaction of women at the workplace. Harassment affects their mental and physical health and workplace performance. Working women turnover their jobs due to workplace bullying. This research will be helpful for legislation bodies, NGOs, different women development programs, economists to get information about the effects of workplace harassment on women’s job satisfaction.

A Review of the Importance of Criticism Through Different Approaches Qurratul Ain Sardar; Shabana M. Anwar; Anam Aqil khan
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 6: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-5.6.2

This paper aims to discuss thoroughly different approaches to criticism with the help of pre-romantic aesthetics and their theories. The study, first, alludes to the 18th century pre-romantic aesthetics. Furthermore, the philosophical impact of Locke has been assessed in the light of the imagination theories. The theories of imagination given by Bruke and Addison have a lot of connection to aesthetics, which constitute part of imagination. Through a peculiar process, pleasure moves to be part of perception. Finding affirms that Locke’s philosophy relates to human compliance by means of which pre-romantic uses essential contextual treatises. The study adopts an analytical inquiry to accumulate data and then constructs a critical evaluation of factuality and erudition on the information. The findings of this research affirm that the emergence of knowledge has been debated for many centuries. Several literary epochs with a distinguished school of thought discuss and form inquiries. If rationalists portray human thoughts associated with the soul and cognitive views that a soul possesses from its inception, comparatively, Empiricists seem to have an approach that erupts from the perception and experiences as perception embarks on a journey to the blank paper of mind. If the reflection is there, it activates creating ideas, then this empiricism is directed to internality. Critics (Bruke & Addison) may be considered empiricists critics of the pre-romantic era.

“Sin of Passion not Principle, nor Even Purpose” - An Exploration of Feminist Consciousness in the Scarlet Letter Dr. Shumaila Mazhar; Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 2: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study explores the complexities of the human mind, as revealed through Hester’s character in The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. The theoretical framework is based on the theories expounded by Ghazali, the famous 11th-century scholar of the Muslim world, and Freud, the genius of the 20th century. The research design is grounded on a thematic analysis of the selected novel. An exhaustive study of Ghazalain nafs-e-ammara and Freudian id have guided the interpretation of the selected character. The analysis of Hester’s demeanor and ethical principles inside the parameter of the selected theories reveals Hawthorne’s psychological insight. Above and beyond, it also provides a cognizance into the applicability of the psychological issues in the modern world, thus, reinforcing our belief in the corresponding workings of the human mind, irrespective of the variances in time and space. Additionally, it has also revealed that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying literary character has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature.

Educational Disparity among Families living in Balochistan (Pakistan) on the Basis of Gender Shabana Muhammad Anwar; Anam Aqil Khan; Qurratul Ain Sardar
Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 3: JMPHSS
Publisher : Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33152/jmphss-6.3.6

Education is the fundamental source that not only enhances knowledge but also builds the confidence of an individual. The development of any country utterly depends on its educational system, but unfortunately, the literacy ratio of education is low in Pakistan compared to other countries in Asia. The present study explores the educational disparity against girls based on gender in Pakistan. Geographically Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan and is instilled with the tribal system. The people of Balochistan strongly follow their cultural values strictly, where the male members of the society are only considered the head of their families. In patriarchal societies, males are authoritative and have the power of decisions over their women. In Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw, females are restricted merely to staying inside the house and strictly prohibited from taking their life’s decisions. Furthermore, the women are deprived of their rights. Education is the source of self-development and helps to progress in the country. The focus of this study is to highlight the educational discrimination against girls. The nature of the study is quantitative, and the respondents were selected from (Arts faculty) of all the degree colleges of Quetta city (capital of Baluchistan) through probability simple random sampling. The sample size was approximately 200 students from all degree colleges. Data were analyzed by the SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences). The p-value of .003 shows the relationship between gender discrimination and educational opportunities. Finally, the results demonstrated that families are not serious and are not paying any concentration on girls’ education. Girls do not have facilities at the family level, and the access to education for girls is not easy due to males’ superiority.

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