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Analisis Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 18 Tahun 2024 Perspektif Jean Jacques Rousseau tentang Legitimasi Kekuasaan Riyadi, Muhammad; Mu’alim, Moh.; Buldani, Muhammad Nahidh; Fadli, Muhammad Nur; Wahab, Abdul
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11408

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legitimacy of authority in determining the elected candidate pairs in the Pilkada, as regulated in Articles 58 and 76 of the General Election Commission Regulation (PKPU) Number 18 of 2024, using Jean Jacques Rousseau's theory of legitimacy of authority. The difference in the mechanism for determining the winner between DKI Jakarta by obtaining more than 50% of the valid votes and other provinces based only on the most votes, gives rise to anomalies that have the potential to damage the legitimacy of authority. The impact is that the determination of elected candidates who do not obtain more than 50% of the votes will create skepticism about being trusted by the public. This is contrary to Rousseau's principle of the general will, that legitimate power must come from the collective will of the community. Normative juridical is used as a method in this study with a statutory and conceptual approach. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of PKPU Number 18 of 2024, which was only ratified in November 2024. The use of Rousseau's theory applied in studies related to election regulations in Indonesia is unique in this study.  The results of the study show that Article 58 of PKPU Number 18 of 2024 is contrary to the principle of general will, so the KPU needs to revise the regulation to guarantee the legitimacy of leadership. Where the provisions that must be changed are in Paragraph (1). In addition, implementing a run-off election mechanism and elected leaders need to involve the community in policy-making as compensation for the lack of legitimacy. Concrete steps that can be taken are through public hearings from the community. This study makes a significant contribution by offering a new perspective in the analysis of Pilkada regulations, which focuses more on the general will as the foundation of the legitimacy of authority. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legitimasi kekuasaan dalam penetapan pasangan calon terpilih pada Pilkada, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 58 dan 76 Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (PKPU) Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan teori legitimasi kekuasaan Jean Jacques Rousseau. Perbedaan mekanisme penetapan pemenang antara DKI Jakarta dengan memperoleh suara 50% lebih dari jumlah suara sah dan Provinsi lain hanya berdasarkan suara terbanyak, memunculkan anomali yang berpotensi merusak legitimasi kekuasaan. Dampaknya, penetapan calon terpilih yang tidak memperoleh jumlah suara 50% lebih akan menimbulkan rasa skeptis untuk dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Hal ini bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum Rousseau, bahwa kekuasaan sah harus berasal dari keinginan kolektif masyarakat. Yuridis normatif digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis terhadap PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, yang baru disahkan pada November 2024. Penggunaan teori Rousseau yang diterapkan dalam studi terkait regulasi pemilu di Indonesia menjadi keunikan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 58 PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024 bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum, sehingga KPU perlu merevisi aturan tersebut untuk menjamin legitimasi kepemimpinan. Di mana ketentuan yang harus dirubah terletak pada Ayat (1). Selain itu, melakukan mekanisme run off election dan pemimpin terpilih perlu melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengambilan kebijakan sebagai kompensasi atas kurangnya legitimasi. Langkah konkret yang bisa dilakukan dengan cara rapat dengar pendapat umum dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dengan menawarkan perspektif baru dalam analisis regulasi Pilkada, yang lebih berfokus pada kehendak umum sebagai fondasi legitimasi kekuasaan.
Kajian Hukum Pidana dan HAM Terhadap Tindak Kekerasan Aparat dalam Aksi Unjuk Rasa Buldani, Muhammad Nahidh
Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION
Publisher : LPPM Institut Pendidikan Nusantara Global

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/jige.v6i3.4185

Abstract

Demonstrations are a form of citizen participation to express opinions in public spaces, as guaranteed by Article 28E of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 9 of 1998. This activity is carried out verbally, in writing, or through other forms of expression as a means of opposing policies perceived to violate the law or human rights. Security forces are obligated to safeguard this right; however, in practice, acts of violence and repressive measures by the police are still frequently reported. According to reports from Amnesty International and the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), incidents of torture continue to increase. Therefore, this study focuses on the aspects of criminal liability and human rights violations in the handling of public demonstrations. This research employs a normative juridical method through literature studies of legislation and legal literature. The aim is to explore legal principles, analyze norms, and interpret the applicable legal meaning using secondary sources such as books, journals, and official documents. The findings indicate that the handling of demonstrations by the police must be grounded in human rights principles and adhere to applicable laws. The discretionary authority outlined in Article 18 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 2 of 2002 is deemed vague and lacks clear limitations, making it prone to misuse. The violent crackdown during the 2024 “Kawal Putusan MK” protest highlights clear violations of human rights and criminal law. In practice, the constitutional right to freedom of expression is often violated.Therefore, revising the provisions on police discretion, reinforcing accountability, and strengthening the role of independent oversight are essential steps in safeguarding rights and upholding democracy.