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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies Humaniorum Journal
Marjan Miharja
IBLAM School Of Law
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Legal Regulations Regarding the Placement of Medical Personnel on Domestic Civil Passenger Aircraft in Indonesia Reviewed from Law Number 1 of 2009 Concerning Aviation Toha Achmad Saputra; Marjan Miharja
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i1.5327

Abstract

Airplanes are one of the main choices of air transportation for Indonesian people. During the flight, passengers sometimes experience various health problems that require the assistance of medical personnel. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations for the placement of medical personnel on domestic civil passenger aircraft based on Law No. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation at this time, and to analyze future legal regulations regarding the placement of medical personnel on domestic civil passenger aircraft in Indonesia. This research method is normative juridical, using a statutory regulatory approach. From the results of this study, the placement of medical personnel on domestic civil passenger aircraft in Indonesia has not been regulated in Law No. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation. For future legal regulations, regarding the placement of medical personnel on domestic civil passenger aircraft in Indonesia, legal regulations must be immediately stipulated. These legal regulations can be added to Law No. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation. The government, the Indonesian House of Representatives, airlines and related parties must immediately stipulate these legal regulations to fill the legal gap and provide legal certainty to medical personnel and airlines.
Analisis Kontrak Keanggotaan Gym Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Syarif Hidayatullah; Marjan Miharja
HUMANIORUM Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/hmr.v4i1.143

Abstract

Indonesia’s fitness industry is rapidly growing as public awareness of the importance of exercise increases. However, many gyms impose unilateral standard contracts containing non-refund clauses, auto-debit systems, and strict cancellation policies. These practices often harm consumers, as seen in the sudden closure of Gold’s Gym Indonesia in 2025, which led to refund claims totaling Rp 4.4 billion. This study aims to analyze the form and content of standard clauses in fitness center membership contracts in Indonesia and evaluate their compliance with Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Using a normative legal research method with a case study approach, this study combines empirical data on contract practices with legal material analysis. The findings indicate that unilateral standard contracts may be null and detrimental to consumers. Therefore, organizations such as YLKI and BPSK play a crucial role in dispute resolution, preventive education, and ensuring fair and transparent contract practices to protect consumer rights.uits.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Distribusi Benih Bening Lobster (Panulirus Homarus) Secara Ilegal Ke Luar Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Indonesia Arip Nugraha Djajadisastra; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2198

Abstract

Penelitian ini berlandaskan pada teori pemidanaan dan penegakan hukum. Teori pemidanaan digunakan untuk menilai proporsionalitas dan efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam perkara penyelundupan benih bening lobster (BBL), sementara grand theory penegakan hukum memberikan kerangka analitis mengenai hubungan antara substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan kultur hukum dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, serta analisis putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan hakim yang menjatuhkan pidana 11 bulan penjara dan denda Rp.50 juta terhadap pelaku penyelundupan BBL masih tergolong ringan bila dibandingkan dengan ancaman pidana maksimal. Kondisi ini menunjukkan belum terwujudnya keselarasan antara teori pemidanaan, tujuan penegakan hukum, dan praktik peradilan. Selain itu, putusan tersebut belum mencerminkan efektivitas hukum sebagai instrumen perlindungan ekologis dan pencegahan pelanggaran berulang dalam pengelolaan sumber daya lobster di Indonesia
Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pelanggaran Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut Dwi Aji Prasetyo; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2199

Abstract

The growing intensity of human activities in marine areas increases the risk of conflicts and violations of marine spatial planning, making strong regulation and effective law enforcement essential for sustainable management. This study examines the legal framework governing violations of marine space utilization in Indonesia and explores efforts to strengthen legal norms and the effectiveness of criminal sanctions. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that Indonesia has established a comprehensive system of administrative and criminal sanctions for marine space utilization violations, as regulated under the Job Creation Law and its implementing regulations. Parties utilizing marine space without a Marine Space Utilization Suitability Permit (KKPRL) may face administrative sanctions such as warnings, suspension of activities, permit revocation, fines, and criminal penalties if their actions result in changes to marine spatial functions. However, this study identifies a normative gap, particularly the absence of clear technical criteria for determining changes in marine space functions. This gap creates legal uncertainty and underscores the need for more detailed technical guidelines to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and sustainability in marine spatial management.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Petani Kelapa Sawit dalam Penertiban Kawasan Hutan: Analisis Keadilan dan Kepastian Hukum di Indonesia Teguh Hindar; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 02 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Studi Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i02.2256

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal position of oil palm farmers within forest areas and to formulate a fair legal protection model. Tenurial conflicts arise due to the overlap between agrarian and forestry laws and the designation of forest areas that often neglect factual land control by local communities. This research applies a normative juridical method using statutory and theoretical approaches, including legal protection, justice, and legal certainty theories. The findings indicate that farmers’ legal status is limited and transitional, as they do not possess full ownership rights but still hold claims to legal protection and due process. Forest area enforcement policies tend to emphasize administrative measures and state asset recovery, potentially overlooking substantive justice for smallholders. Therefore, a legal protection model based on subject differentiation, limited moratorium, and integrated settlement schemes such as agrarian reform and social forestry is required. This model is expected to balance legal certainty, justice, and environmental sustainability.
Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dokter atas Malpraktik Medis: Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 233 K/Pid.Sus/2021 Junius Subakti; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 02 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Studi Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i02.2257

Abstract

The implementation of medical practice is an integral part of fulfilling the human right to health guaranteed by the constitution and requires legal certainty for both patients and medical personnel. In its development, medical disputes often lead to criminal charges due to alleged malpractice, as reflected in the case of dr. Elisabeth Susana, who performed high-risk aesthetic procedures without specific competence. This study aims to analyze the application of the theory of fault and the legal factors that formed the basis for the Supreme Court's consideration in overturning the first-instance acquittal and imposing a prison sentence. The research method used is normative legal with a qualitative approach, through an analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 233 K/Pid.Sus/2021 and related laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the criminal liability of the doctor in this case is based on the fulfillment of the element of gross negligence (culpa lata) because the action was performed outside the limits of competence and without fulfilling the obligation of informed consent. The Supreme Court emphasized that the lack of expert certification and the disregard for standard operating procedures are forms of professional negligence that cannot be categorized as an ordinary medical risk. The research conclusion confirms that the criminal accountability of doctors heavily depends on compliance with professional standards and the protection of the patient's right to autonomy through adequate information.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Saksi Korban dalam Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang: Analisis Kesenjangan Das Sollen–Das Sein dan Keadilan Substantif Jackson Jeremi; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 02 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Studi Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i02.2258

Abstract

Human trafficking is a serious crime that undermines human dignity and causes physical, psychological, and socio-economic harm to victims. In the adjudication of trafficking cases, victim witnesses play a crucial role as primary sources of evidence, yet they remain vulnerable to threats, pressure, and revictimization. Normatively, Indonesian law has established a relatively comprehensive protection framework through the anti-trafficking law and witness protection law. However, in judicial practice, a gap persists between legal norms and their implementation. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for victim witnesses in human trafficking cases and to evaluate their application in Decision Number 65/Pid.Sus/2020 from the perspective of the theory of justice. The research employs a normative juridical method using a qualitative approach based on literature review and legal analysis. The findings indicate that legal protection for victim witnesses has normatively covered aspects of security, confidentiality, legal assistance, and restitution as a form of recovery. Nevertheless, such protections are not fully reflected in judicial reasoning and rulings, which remain focused on punishing offenders. This condition demonstrates that justice achieved in practice is still formal and has not fully realized substantive justice for victims.
Analisis Penggunaan Dana BOS di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Jakarta terhadap Permendikbud Nomor 63 Tahun 2023 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Satuan Pendidikan Heri Setiawan; Marjan Miharja
HUMANIORUM Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

School Operational Assistance (BOS) is a program to improve education and reduce school operational costs. Although there have been efforts to improve transparency and accountability in the management of BOS funds, monitoring and planning adjustments still need to be enhanced to address external challenges and ensure that the funds used are managed efficiently. The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods used in the management, utilization, and accountability reporting of BOS funds at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Jakarta as regulated in Permendikbudristek Number 63 of 2023. This research was conducted descriptively qualitatively, and data collection was carried out through interviews and documentation. The research results show that SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Jakarta has managed the BOS funds in accordance with the regulations. However, budget planning is hindered by several obstacles, such as changes to the previously allocated budget. Additionally, there is no effective system in place for managing the use of BOS funds for unexpected needs, such as emergency repair costs, health and safety expenses, and the procurement of additional teaching materials
Analisis Kontrak Keanggotaan Gym Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Syarif Hidayatullah; Marjan Miharja
HUMANIORUM Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia’s fitness industry is rapidly growing as public awareness of the importance of exercise increases. However, many gyms impose unilateral standard contracts containing non-refund clauses, auto-debit systems, and strict cancellation policies. These practices often harm consumers, as seen in the sudden closure of Gold’s Gym Indonesia in 2025, which led to refund claims totaling Rp 4.4 billion. This study aims to analyze the form and content of standard clauses in fitness center membership contracts in Indonesia and evaluate their compliance with Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Using a normative legal research method with a case study approach, this study combines empirical data on contract practices with legal material analysis. The findings indicate that unilateral standard contracts may be null and detrimental to consumers. Therefore, organizations such as YLKI and BPSK play a crucial role in dispute resolution, preventive education, and ensuring fair and transparent contract practices to protect consumer rights.uits.
Co-Authors Arip Nugraha Djajadisastra Dwi Aji Prasetyo Heri Setiawan Jackson Jeremi Junius Subakti Syarif Hidayatullah Teguh Hindar Toha Achmad Saputra