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All Journal Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan Jurnal Kebidanan Manna
Anju Thomas
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Nipah Virus Transmission Dynamics: Zoonotic Origins, Human Spread, and Control Strategies John, Jeas; Anju Thomas; Rahul E
Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan Vol 3 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Gayaku Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58222/juvokes.v3i2.1004

Abstract

A member of the Paramyxoviridae family, Nipah virus is one of the re-emerging viruses as a public health concern since it was first detected at the turn of the century in the late 1990s. Case fatality rates during outbreaks ranged between 40% and 75%, with recurrent cases in Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia. Surveillance data indicate the possibility of virus development in new areas since there is virus circulation among Pteropus bats in larger regions of South and Southeast Asia. It appears to be of zoonotic origin, transmitted mainly from fruit bats to humans. This makes zoonotic transmission a complex interaction between wildlife and human health, implying the significant role of ecology dynamics in the prevention and control of outbreaks. This understanding of routes of transmission has given basis to the devising of evidence-based interventions, including the protection of date palm sap collection sites and enhancement of infection prevention practices in hospitals, which will be very critical for controlling outbreaks and preventing future epidemics. This discussion on Nipah virus transmission dynamics calls for going into detail regarding the zoonotic source and mode of human-to-human transmission that enables human beings to prevent and control this disease.
The Impact of Medical Device Associated Candida Infections on Immunocomprised Patient Outcomes in A Tertiary Care Settings Dung, Nikita Dung; D. Neha; Anju Thomas; Jeas John
Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan Vol 3 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Gayaku Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58222/juvokes.v3i2.1067

Abstract

Medical practice across all specialties increasingly relies on the insertion or implantation of medical devices, yet these interventions carry inherent risks of bacterial and fungal infections of particular concern is the shifting epidemiology of Candida infections, where non-albicans Candida species now predominate in cases of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in many healthcare institutions. These device-associated Candida infections represent a significant threat to patient outcomes, characterized by the organism's ability to adhere to device surfaces and proliferate as multicellular communities within self-produced extracellular matrices. The pathogenic process involves colonization of foreign materials, including intravascular catheters, urinary catheters, dentures, and various implanted medical devices, leading to resistant infections that are particularly challenging to treat. These device-associated infections can progress to Candida bloodstream infections, which are associated with significant mortality rates. However, research indicates that optimized diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management strategies can substantially improve patient outcomes. This mini-review aims to identify and address frequently overlooked opportunities in the management of device-associated Candida bloodstream infections, with particular emphasis on Early recognition and diagnosis of device-associated infections. Implementation of evidence-based preventive measures. Optimization of therapeutic interventions. Special considerations for high-risk and immunocompromised patients.
Nutritional, Therapeutic and Functional Applications of Sorghum: A Comprehensive Review Sinha, Nupur; Anju Thomas
Jurnal Kebidanan Manna Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Gayaku Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58222/jkm.v3i2.1202

Abstract

Sorghum is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with a variety of health benefits. Its bioactive components include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and dietary fiber, all of which contribute to its functional food properties. Some of the key bioactive compounds in sorghum and their health benefits: Sorghum contains high levels of phenolic acids, such as caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids. These compounds act as powerful antioxidants, helping to reduce oxidative stress in the body, which is linked to inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sorghum is particularly rich in flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin, and their derivatives. These compounds are known for their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties that help improve cardiovascular health by reducing the risk of plaque formation in the arteries. Certain varieties of sorghum, especially the pigmented ones, contain condensed tannins also known as proanthocyanidins. Sorghum is rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber. The dietary fiber in sorghum aids digestion, supports gut microbiome health, and contributes to better blood glucose control. Regular fiber intake may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and aid in weight management. These long-chain alcohols are thought to help lower LDL cholesterol levels, which is beneficial for cardiovascular health. The polycosanols in sorghum have been found to improve lipid metabolism and may aid in weight management. Specific phytochemicals with antioxidant properties, such as phytic acid, polyphenols, tannins, and sterols, have been shown to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and play a role beyond just food.
Emerging Trends in the Transmission Pathways of Nipah virus: A Comprehensive Review Neha, D; Nikita Dung Dung; Anju Thomas; Jeas John
Jurnal Kebidanan Manna Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Gayaku Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58222/jkm.v3i2.1207

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus, was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998-1999 and has since been reported in South and Southeast Asia, primarily in Bangladesh and India. The virus is transmitted through zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs, particularly fruit bats (Pteropus species), as well as human-to-human transmission. Pigs can become infected by consuming fruits contaminated by infected bats, and humans can contract the virus through contact with infected pigs or bats. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the transmission dynamics of Nipah virus, emphasizing zoonotic spillover, direct contact with infected animals, and human-to-human transmission during outbreaks. Understanding these transmission pathways is essential for developing effective control and prevention strategies. NiV outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, often resulting in severe respiratory and neurological diseases with high mortality rates in both humans and pigs. Diagnosis of Nipah virus infection involves various techniques, including serological, molecular, virological, and immunohistochemistry methods. The potential for human-to-human transmission poses a significant public health concern, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and surveillance measures..
Co-Authors D. Neha Dung, Nikita Dung Jeas John John, Jeas Neha, D Nikita Dung Dung Rahul E Sinha, Nupur