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Functional Categories of Lexical Bundles in Indonesian EFL Textbooks: A Corpus-Based Study Lestari, Esti Sapta; Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur; Aziz, Roslina Abdul
Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 10(1), May 2025
Publisher : Pusat Pelatihan, Riset, dan Pembelajaran Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21462/ijefl.v10i1.907

Abstract

Lexical bundles, which are recurring sequences of multiple words, play a crucial role in both written and spoken discourse. Understanding the presence and patterns of these bundles in educational materials is essential for effective language instruction and material development.This research aims to identify the most commonly utilized functional classifications of 3-word lexical bundles in junior high school EFL textbooks. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research methodology with a corpus-based analysis approach. The study's main methodological framework is a corpus-based approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative components to offer a thorough examination of the data. The data of this research comprises a collection of Indonesian junior high school EFL textbooks officially approved by the Ministry of Education. Specifically, the study examined textbooks used in grades 7-9, published in 2022. AntConc 4.3.1 was used to analyze the corpus, and N-Gram Tool was used to generate the 3-word lexical bundles in this study. The study shows that the most commonly utilized functional classifications of 3-word lexical bundles in junior high school EFL textbooks is the referential expressions category; there are 914 bundles (44.76%). Furthermore, the implication of this research is that these bundles should be used by educators, especially those implementing the independent curriculum, to create instructional materials that enhance students' syntactic and pragmatic skills.
Analysis of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) in English Final Examination Questions at Junior High School Lestari, Esti Sapta; Widi Pratolo, Bambang
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i1.892

Abstract

The development of students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) is emphasized in the Indonesian educational system. The aim of this research was to examine the HOTs found in the English final exam questions for the 2023–2024 academic year at private schools in Yogyakarta. The test questions were categorized into higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) and lower-order thinking abilities (LOTs) using the updated Bloom's taxonomy framework. The purpose of this study is to determine how much final examination questions at private junior high schools for the academic year 2023–2024 foster higher-order thinking abilities and to pinpoint areas that could use development in order to better support the curriculum objectives. Qualitative content analysis design was used in this research. The data resources of this research were the final exam test questions for the academic year 2023–2024. The revised Bloom’s taxonomy framework was used to analyze the data. The findings of this research indicated that the test questions demand more HOTs-type questions since the exams are predominantly LOTs-type questions. Most of the test questions (46.7%) are about applying questions, followed by comprehending (37.8%) and analysis (15.5%). The results revealed that the exam questions lacked HOTs-type questions.