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A Comprehensive Analysis of Break Bulk Port Efficiency Using an Analytic Network Process Model Dinh, Gia Huy; Hoang, Phuong Nguyen; Nguyen, Lam Canh; Le Huu, Bao Tu; Dang Khoa, Pham Nguyen; Thuy Van, Nguyen Thi; Tai, Le Phuoc; Thuy Vi, Vu Thi; Xuan Huong, Nguyen
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.9.2.3881

Abstract

Ports significantly contribute to economic development, especially in developing nations. Although containerization prevails in cargo transportation, break bulk freight remains vital for items that cannot be accommodated in ordinary containers. This paper examines the successful techniques of breaking bulk terminals, concentrating on Vietnam, where these ports are essential to commerce. Employing qualitative and exploratory methodologies within the Entrepreneurial Action Theory (EAT) framework, data from 16 port executives at Vietnam's principal break bulk ports were examined to identify critical success factors, internal competencies, and external influences impacting port performance. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) ranks success factors, emphasizing cargo throughput and ship call stability as paramount, succeeding by profitability, operational efficiency, and customer happiness. External influences, such as the escalation of vessel sizes, port competition, and changes in international trade, profoundly influence port operations, necessitating adaptability and infrastructure investment. Government influence, developments in port technology, labor shortages, and cost changes are significant factors, whereas leadership vision and green initiatives, despite their lower ranking, possess long-term strategic importance. Moreover, internal success variables, including port infrastructure, labor proficiency, and technological integration, are crucial for sustaining efficiency. This study presents a conceptual framework for decision-makers in resource allocation and strategic planning by merging ANP findings with EAT. The findings enhance maritime research by providing insights for optimizing break-bulk operations and guaranteeing resilience in the face of growing industry challenges.
Hybrid renewable energy system design for a green port using HOMER Pro: A techno-economic assessment Dinh, Gia Huy; Pham, Minh Tuan; Tran, Nguyen Bao Minh; Tran, Cong Minh; Nguyen, Tat Quyen; Le, Thanh Tien; Nguyen, Hoang Phuong
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61344

Abstract

Maritime plays an important role in the national economy since a large number of goods in the world are transported by sea, although maritime transport is found to generate the largest greenhouse gas emission among transportation means. For maritime activities, the port is considered the key chain in logistics, thus, the transformation of ports into sustainable energy centres has emerged as a major need in the worldwide initiative to decarbonize marine activities. This research provides a comprehensive techno-economic evaluation of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for Thi Nai Port, Vietnam, utilizing HOMER Pro software. The suggested system seeks to eradicate dependence on fossil fuels by including solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, a biogas generator, and sophisticated battery storage, therefore providing operational robustness. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that an ideal configuration, consisting of a 6,175-kW photovoltaic array, a 500-kW biogas generator, and a 2,357-kW converter, results in a net present cost of 44.6 million USD and a levelized cost of energy of 0.394 USD/kWh. Renewable sources constitute 100% of the installed and operational capacity, with yearly carbon dioxide emissions diminished to a modest 1,286 kg. The research verifies that hybrid renewable solutions may provide competitive economic returns, with a payback period of eight to ten years, while delivering substantial environmental advantages. The study portrays Thi Nai Port as a scalable paradigm for green port transformation, offering a repeatable framework for other mid-sized ports in Southeast Asia pursuing sustainable energy solutions.