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EVALUATION OF ELF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN CIREBON REGENCY: ABILITY TO PAY, SATISFACTION, AND CONVENIENCE BEFORE AND DURING THE PANDEMIC Andis Destrian Irianto
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 4 No. 9 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijset.v4i9.1038

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted various sectors in Cirebon Regency, including the transportation system, especially elf-type city transportation services. This study aims to analyze the ability to pay, level of satisfaction, and ease of public access to elf transportation services in Cirebon Regency. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire survey with 100 respondents, determined using the Slovin method with a margin of error of 10%. The results showed that the average tariff set by elf drivers was Rp3.038,46, while the majority of respondents were able to pay up to Rp 4.000,00. Before the pandemic, ease of access was considered quite good, but decreased during the pandemic due to operational restrictions and fleet reduction. User satisfaction levels have been stable, with the majority of respondents rating the service as adequate. These findings suggest that despite the pandemic, public acceptance of elf services remains high. Therefore, policies that support the sustainability of public transportation are needed, such as improving comfort, operational efficiency, and adjusting tariffs according to people's purchasing power. This has been proven in the field, with these improvements making it easier for people to access mobility and also having an impact on the regional economy.
THE IMPACT OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION ON FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL PRIORITY METROPOLITAN AREAS Dian Kania Elizabeth Hasibuan; Andis Destrian Irianto; Mugia Tresna Feira; Elga Yulia Delvira
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 7 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Urban agglomeration is a spatial phenomenon that reflects the concentration of population, economic activity, and rapidly developing infrastructure in Indonesia’s metropolitan areas. The government has designated ten National Priority Metropolitan Areas (KMPN) in the National Spatial Plan and the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2020-2024 and 2025-2029 as centers of national economic growth; however, this designation has not been accompanied by an empirical study on its impact on fiscal decentralization as mandated by Law No. 33 of 2004. This study aims to analyze the impact of urban agglomeration on the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization (DDF) in 514 regencies and cities across Indonesia in 2022, both directly and through interactions with metropolitan status. Using an explanatory quantitative approach and a census method, urban agglomeration was measured across four dimensions (social, economic, environmental, and infrastructure) and then analyzed using a t-test, simple linear regression, and interaction regression. The results show that the average DDF for metropolitan areas (27.54%) is significantly higher by 18.22 percentage points than that of non-metropolitan areas (9.31%). All four dimensions of agglomeration have a positive and significant effect on DDF, with the infrastructure dimension being the strongest factor (β = 0.163). The interaction model reveals that metropolitan status alone does not necessarily increase DDF; rather, it is highly dependent on the intensity and quality of agglomeration (interaction β = 0.1795; p < 0.001). These findings recommend intensifying infrastructure development, fostering agglomeration-based economic clusters, strengthening cross-regional metropolitan governance, and establishing a national agglomeration monitoring system to enhance local fiscal autonomy.