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All Journal Jambura Law Review Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan
Isnurwanto, Iwan
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Blue Justice to Counter Threats on Ocean Health Isnurwanto, Iwan; Rafiqi, Ilham Dwi
Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jphk.v6i1.23454

Abstract

Issues of ocean health have become serious threats due to the possibility of damage and quality deflation in Indonesian oceans. From a national defense Fatohoint of view, issues of Indonesian ocean health can fall into national vulnerability and caution. This paper, furthermore, aims to describe and draw justification for the urgency of values and implementation of blue justice to counter ocean health. Normative legal research was applied by means of qualitative analysis of legislation and conceptual variables. According to the research, threats to ocean health could have negative impacts on marine ecosystems, leading to defects in national economic, socio-cultural, defensive, and security systems. In response to the threats to ocean health, littoral societies, thus far, took part in minimum roles, and their existence was unheeded. To tackle the current problem, blue justice is presented, paying attention not only to ecological sustainability in its practice but also to a strong emphasis on social justice that includes relevant parties involved in the management of oceans. It must include littoral societies and fishermen as their lives are strongly dependent on marine resources, which is already and clearly defined in the legislation. In the implementation of blue justice, governments need simultaneous strategies with systematical, integrated, and sustainable efforts, especially in the prevention of any threats to ocean health. Implementing blue justice properly can lead the nation to a blue economy and ensure that oceans are well-protected for the next generation.
Outer Space Militarization and Normative Gaps in International Space Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis Isnurwanto, Iwan; Birahayu, Dita; Ehirim, Ugochukwu Godspower
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 8 NO. 1 JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33793

Abstract

Disagreements between spacefaring states' strategic activities and the normative goals of international space law have persisted despite space's growing militarization. At the heart of this conflict is the fact that different legal understandings of the term "peaceful purposes" in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty have coexisted with growing military operations in orbit, due to the ambiguity of this term. This research takes a normative juridical stance, drawing on statutory, conceptual, and comparative methods to assess whether the current international legal system adequately addresses modern trends of space militarization. States are able to operationalize military space tactics without clear legal limitation, as the analysis shows that current legal instruments offer limited normative direction and lack effective enforcement mechanisms. The study looks for interpretive fragmentation and structural inadequacies in international space law by comparing state space doctrines and institutional reactions, instead of evaluating military results experimentally. The essay uses this legal analysis to provide prescriptive suggestions for improving normative clarity, such as limiting the testing of anti-satellite weapons, improving the operational definition of "peaceful use," and holding private actors more accountable under state oversight. This research does not assert empirical verification, but rather provides a normative legal assessment of the regulatory gaps that now exist and suggests reform strategies to strengthen space governance's consistency, transparency, and stability
Co-Authors Birahayu, Dita Ehirim, Ugochukwu Godspower Rafiqi, Ilham Dwi