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All Journal Journal of Electrical Technology UMY Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Juhana, Swatika
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Immunology & microbiology Library & Information Science Veterinary

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Application of Pineapple Waste-Derived Bromelain in the Bating Process: Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Rabbit Leather Susanto, Heru Budi; Juhana, Swatika; Amalia, Dian Nur
Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol 7, No 2 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Unpad Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jthp.v7i2.70586

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pineapple waste extract as a natural bating agent in the tanning process and its impact on the physicochemical properties of rabbit leather. Pineapple waste, containing the proteolytic enzyme bromelain, was applied at different concentrations (0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50%) and compared with a commercial bating agent. The evaluation included physical properties (tensile strength, seam strength, and elongation) and chemical properties (moisture content and protein content). The results showed that increasing extract concentration led to a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in elongation, indicating changes in collagen fiber structure due to enzymatic activity. The highest tensile strength was observed at 0.50% extract (165.58 MPa), meeting the standard requirement, although the leather exhibited lower flexibility. All treatments met the seam strength standard, with pineapple extract treatments showing better performance than the commercial agent. Moisture content remained constant across treatments, indicating no significant effect of the bating process. Conversely, protein content decreased with increasing extract concentration, confirming the effectiveness of bromelain in degrading non-collagenous proteins. However, excessive protein reduction at higher concentrations (1.25%–1.50%) indicated over-bating, which negatively affected mechanical properties. Overall, the use of pineapple waste extract at concentrations of 0.75% and 1.00% provided the best balance between protein removal and preservation of collagen structure, resulting in optimal physicochemical properties of rabbit leather. Therefore, pineapple waste extract has strong potential as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional bating agents in leather processing.
Development of a Hydrothermal Carbonization System for Converting Sheep Hair and Fleshing Waste into Organic Fertilizer and Its Prospective Use in Plastic Waste Processing Listyalina, Latifah; Arifin, Uma Fadzilia; Ratnaningsih, Wahyu; Juhana, Swatika; Putra, Karisma Trinanda; Hafizah, Annisa
Journal of Electrical Technology UMY Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jet.v9i2.28638

Abstract

Soil fertility plays a crucial role in sustaining agricultural productivity, and one effective strategy to enhance it is through the incorporation of organic matter such as humus. Although the natural process of humification requires considerable time, the resulting material greatly benefits soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Modern technologies, including hydrothermal carbonization, offer the advantage of accelerating humus formation or generating comparable organic compounds within a shorter timeframe, thereby providing an efficient approach to soil enrichment. In parallel, local sheep leather tanning industries produce substantial waste, including leather scraps, sheep hair, and liquid effluents. Sheep hair is rich in keratin protein that remains underutilized, whereas fleshing waste contains proteins and fats that decompose rapidly and may cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study proposes a practical solution by converting such waste into organic fertilizer through hydrothermal carbonization. For this purpose, a hydrothermal reactor with a 20-liter capacity, 60 cm height, 21 cm diameter, and 10 cm wall thickness was designed to operate at 180 °C and 5 bar. Calibration of voltage, temperature, and pressure confirmed compliance with design specifications. Experimental trials using a 1:1:1 ratio of hair waste, fleshing waste, and water yielded 2,150 g of solid organic fertilizer and 2,070 g of liquid product, corresponding to an overall yield of 56.26%. In future work, the hydrothermal carbonization approach demonstrated in this study may be extended to plastic waste processing, since the similarity in carbon-rich feedstock composition allows potential adaptation of this system to convert polymeric waste into carbonaceous or biochar-like products, supporting circular-economy initiatives and sustainable material recovery through integrated organic and plastic waste treatment.
Co-Authors AMALIA, DIAN NUR Hafizah, Annisa Heru Budi Susanto, Heru Budi Karisma Trinanda Putra, Karisma Trinanda Listyalina, Latifah Ratnaningsih, Wahyu Uma Fadzilia Arifin, Uma Fadzilia