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All Journal Jurnal Medik Veteriner JCRIM (Journal of Current Research In Multidisciplinary)
Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Social Sciences Veterinary

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Coxiella burnetti in Small Ruminants in Southern States of Peninsular Malaysia Ismael, Nur Aisyah; Fitri, Wan-Nor; Rahman, Nur Husna Abdul; Abidin, Zulkhairi Azizi Zainal; Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.144-152

Abstract

Q fever is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic disease that causes abortions and stillbirths in ruminants. The seroprevalence of Q fever in small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, can vary widely depending on geographical location, farming practices, and the prevalence of the disease in the area. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of infectious reproductive diseases affecting the small ruminant population in the southern state of Peninsular Malaysia and its associated risk factors. The animals (n = 184), comprising 24 sheep and 160 goats, were from the states of Negeri Sembilan and Johor. Before sampling, a physical examination was conducted on the animal to establish its health status. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on the serum to detect the seroprevalence of infectious reproductive diseases in Q fever. Farm animal records and observations were designed to assess the risk factors associated with the prevalence of Q fever. The seroprevalence of Q fever in small ruminants was 2.7% (5/184). Male animals have a higher prevalence of Q fever at 3.63% (2/55) than female animals at 2.3% (3/129). Goats managed intensively were found to have a higher seroprevalence at 4.08% (2/49) than those managed semi-intensively at 2.17% (3/138). The state of origin factor was significantly associated with the seropositivity of Q fever. This study revealed the existence of low seroprevalence of Q fever among small ruminants in selected states and farms in Peninsular Malaysia. However, the low seroprevalence of Q fever suggests a persistent exposure to C. burnetti, which could present a public health threat and a substantial risk to the ruminant industry.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in Ruminants in Selangor Rahman, Nur Husna Abdul; Fitri, Wan-Nor; Abu, Noor Asyikin; Suntharam, Vijayakumar; Ahmat, Nur Sakinah; Aisyah, Nur; Mahsuri, Mohd Fahmi; Abidin, Zulkhairi Azizi Zainal; Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.74-88

Abstract

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by pestivirus, which has an economic impact on the ruminant industry. Most study focuses on cattle as the most affected species having detrimental effects on the reproductive soundness. However, the role of small ruminants in BVD transmission requires further understanding as they can also be affected by BVD. Thus, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Selangor with an objective (1) to determine the seroprevalence of BVD in cattle, deer, sheep, and goats and (2) to identify the associated risk factors of BVD. A total of 596 healthy animals i.e., 176 cattle, 212 goats, 100 sheep and 108 deers were randomly selected and sampled between 2021 to 2024 in 19 selected farms in Selangor. Blood samples were collected from all of the animals and the serum samples were tested against the detection of antibodies against p80-125 protein (NSP2-3), a non-structural protein (NS3), highly conserved, and common to all strains of pestiviruses such as BVD, Border Disease (BD), and BVD-Antigen using a specific monoclonal antibody (Erns). The risk factors were analysed by running a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model compiled using a backward-selection procedure analysis to obtain the odds ratio (OR). This study found that the herds seroprevalence of BVD among the farms was 57.89% (n = 19). Cattle seroprevalence is 29.54% (n = 176), goats 11.3% (n = 212), sheep at 50% (n = 100), and deer at 0% (n = 108). Only one breeding ram was tested positive for the BVD-Antigen test. The key risk factors for BVD in cattle included being dairy cattle (OR = 12.60, p < 0.001), lactating (OR = 31.2, p < 0.001), raised in semi-intensive systems (OR = 106.08, p < 0.001), kept in cattle-only herds (OR = 26.32, p < 0.002), and being located in urban areas (OR = 191.95, p < 0.001). For small ruminants, significant risk factors included goats raised in intensive systems (OR = 6.73, p < 0.001) and female sheep (OR = 2.25, p = 0.047). The findings highlights that BVD seroprevalence in sheep and goats in Selangor, identifying a positive BVD antigen result in a breeding ram, emphasizing the sheep's role in BVD transmission. In short, the multi-species ruminant farming in Malaysia should be cautioned for the risk of BVD transmission.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity Studies of Alumina Nanoparticles Using Carica Papaya and Evaluation for Their Potential Antibacterial Properties Bukar, Alhaji Modu; Mustapha, Babagana; Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah; Abdullah, Che Azurahanim Che; Noordin, Mustapha M.; Kyari, Modu Z.; Shettima, Fatima Bukar; Norman, Ashreen; Lila, Mohd Azmi Mohd
Journal of Current Research In Multidisciplinary Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): JCRIM (Journal of Current Research In Multidisciplinary)
Publisher : Yayasan Gema Bina Nusantara

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Abstract

The environmentally friendly synthesis, characterization, evaluation of potential toxicity and antibacterial development of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) has become one of the best approaches to address the problem of antimicrobial drug resistance. The recent advances in the field of nanotechnology have thus made a great contribution to medical, biomedical, pharmaceutical and drug discovery research. Moreover, the tiny Al2O3NPs have a great success in inhibiting various types of microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals. In this study, we use the simplest, cheapest, less time-consuming and most effective green synthesis approach to produce environmentally friendly Al2O3NPs. In this study, the Al2O3NPs were synthesized from Carica papaya leaf extract (CPL) and examined microscopically for their size and shape. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to determine the concentration of metal ions and the shape of the molecules. In vitro cytotoxicity was performed on different mammalian cell lines to determine the safety of the Al2O3NPs. Finally, bactericidal activity was evaluated using the agar plug diffusion method. The result showed 50–60 nm sized spherical nanoparticles. Turbidity analysis revealed MIC and MBC of >25 μg/mL against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on Mueller-Hilton agar cultures. In conclusion, the Al2O3NPs synthesized from CPL exhibited acceptable nanoparticle size and shape as well as effective bactericidal activity.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Che Azurahanim Che Abidin, Zulkhairi Azizi Zainal Abu, Noor Asyikin Ahmat, Nur Sakinah Bukar, Alhaji Modu Fitri, Wan-Nor Ismael, Nur Aisyah Kyari, Modu Z. Lila, Mohd Azmi Mohd Mahsuri, Mohd Fahmi Mustapha, Babagana Noordin, Mustapha M. Norman, Ashreen Nur Aisyah Rahman, Nur Husna Abdul Shettima, Fatima Bukar Suntharam, Vijayakumar