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All Journal Sangia Nibandera Law Research Indonesia Discourse
Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte
Novena University
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Law Enforcers as Offenders: Applying Differential Association Theory to Police Sexual Abuse in Indonesia Isna Khalimatussa’diah Az-Zahra; Ridwan Arifin; Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte; Varun Chhachhar
Sangia Nibandera Law Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Sangia Nibandera Law Research, June 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21072036

Abstract

Sexual harassment and abuse are forms of violence rooted in structural gender inequality, shaped not merely by individual desire but by socially constructed norms influencing both perpetrators and victims. In many cases, victims are unjustly blamed, reflecting cultural attitudes that normalize or trivialize sexual misconduct. This study examines police-perpetrated sexual abuse in Indonesia, highlighting the paradox of law enforcers acting as offenders. Such cases have drawn significant public attention, raising concerns about ethical violations and deviant behavior within law enforcement institutions. This research aims to analyze the phenomenon from both legal and criminological perspectives, applying Differential Association Theory as proposed by Edwin H. Sutherland. The theory explains that deviant behavior is learned through social interaction within environments that justify or tolerate wrongdoing. This study adopts a qualitative method with a normative-empirical approach, utilizing document analysis, legal frameworks on sexual offenses, and literature on deviance within police institutions. The findings reveal that weak internal supervision, hierarchical power structures, and institutional subcultures contribute to the emergence and persistence of abusive behavior. These conditions enable the internalization of values that justify misconduct, reinforced by peer influence and organizational silence. Furthermore, legal processes in such cases do not always fully reflect principles of justice and public accountability. This study underscores the need for comprehensive institutional reform, including strengthened oversight, ethical training, and transparent accountability systems to prevent future violations and restore public trust.
Aceh Under Syari’ah: Faith, Law, and Society Ridwan Arifin; Siti Hafsyah Idris; Tajudeen Sani; Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January-June, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v1i1.22648

Abstract

The implementation of Syari'ah law in Aceh has been a significant and often contentious aspect of the region’s post-conflict reconstruction process. Following the 2005 peace agreement between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM), Aceh became the only province in Indonesia with the legal mandate to enforce Syari'ah law. This research explores the intersection of faith, law, and society in Aceh, examining how Syari'ah has reshaped not only legal frameworks but also the daily lives of its people. Despite its importance, there exists a gap in understanding the broader social implications of Syari'ah’s implementation, particularly its effects on gender, civil rights, and the overall social fabric. Previous studies have focused on the legal and political aspects, yet little attention has been given to the lived experiences of Acehnese citizens under this system. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the societal transformations resulting from Syari'ah law, specifically focusing on how religious practices and legal structures interact within the Acehnese context. The urgency of this research lies in the increasing global attention to Islamic legal systems and their integration into state governance, offering a comparative lens for other regions pursuing similar models. Novel in its approach, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the real-world implications of Syari'ah law on faith, law, and society, with particular attention to its effects on minority groups and social cohesion. Ultimately, it highlights the broader implications for peace-building in post-conflict societies, offering valuable insights for scholars and policymakers alike.
Co-Authors Isna Khalimatussa’diah Az-Zahra Ridwan Arifin Ridwan Arifin Siti Hafsyah Idris Tajudeen Sani Varun Chhachhar