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All Journal Industrial Innovation Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Wahyu Fajar Winata
Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Use of Lime Suspension and Lime Water as a Solution in Goat Skin Appliance as an Initiative for Implementing Clean Products Prasetyo Hermawan; Wahyu Fajar Winata
Industrial Innovation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Industrial Innovation
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58533/d34zmb56

Abstract

The study aimed to compare the effects of using lime suspension and saturated lime water in the goat skin liming process, focusing on solution properties and skin characteristics. Liming was conducted at 26 °C for 60 minutes using a stirrer, with a skin-to-solution ratio of 1:10 and 2 g Ca(OH)₂ per 100 ml water. The initial pH values were 11.69 (lime suspension) and 11.62 (lime water), while initial conductivity was 7439 μS/cm and 4971 μS/cm, respectively. Observed variables included pH, TDS, electrical conductivity, precipitate weight, and skin weight gain and characteristics. Results showed no significant difference in pH between treatments during liming (p = 0.075) and no significant difference in skin weight gain (p = 0.067). However, solution conductivity differed significantly (p = 0.002), with lime suspension producing higher conductivity values. At the end of liming, precipitate weights were 1.53 g for lime suspension and 0.04 g for lime water, indicating more undissolved material in the suspension method. Skin characteristics, such as color, pH, and elasticity, were similar for both treatments. The findings suggest that while lime suspension and lime water produce comparable results in terms of pH and skin weight gain, they differ in conductivity and precipitate formation. The reduced precipitate in lime water indicates a cleaner process, which could contribute to clean production practices in the leather industry by minimizing solid waste without compromising leather quality. This research provides a scientific basis for considering saturated lime water as an alternative to lime suspension, potentially reducing environmental impact while maintaining product performance in goat skin leather processing. 
THE EFFECT OF MOLASSES AS AN ADHESIVE MATERIAL FOR MAKING ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY LIVESTOCK PELLETS wahyu fajar winata; Hafitz Noprianto Ramadhan; Dimas Betran Saputra
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Berkala Penelitian Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politek ATK Yogyakarta Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58533/j18yvr80

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of using molasses and starch adhesives on the physical quality of pellets made from fleshing waste generated by the leather tanning industry. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: no adhesive (P0), addition of 2.5% molasses (P1), and addition of 2.5% starch (P2), each with three replications. The observed parameters included the physical characteristics of the pellets (color, texture, aroma, and compactness) as well as their reaction response to HCl solution. The results showed that the addition of adhesives significantly improved pellet quality. Treatment P1 produced the most compact, dense, and stable pellets, with a more intense reaction to HCl, while P2 provided moderate improvements and remained superior to P0. Pellets without adhesive (P0) had a loose structure, were less compact, and easily crumbled. Therefore, molasses is identified as the most effective adhesive for improving the physical quality and stability of pellets made from fleshing waste, whereas starch can serve as an alternative adhesive with lower effectiveness.
Evaluation of the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Box Leather for Footwear Upper Applications Based on SNI 0234:2009: Implications for Industrial Ergonomics Himawan Santoso; Wahyu Fajar Winata; Fauzi Ashari
Industrial Innovation Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Industrial Innovation
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58533/cxbdy494

Abstract

Box leather is one of the most widely used chrome-tanned leathers for footwear upper applications due to its excellent combination of mechanical strength, flexibility, and surface quality. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of box leather for footwear upper applications based on the requirements of SNI 0234:2009 and to discuss their implications from the perspective of industrial ergonomics. A descriptive research approach was employed through laboratory testing, including organoleptic assessment, thickness, tear strength, tanning maturity, finish rub fastness, water absorption, tensile strength, elongation at break, softness, crack resistance, burst resistance, and flex resistance, following the procedures specified in SNI 0234:2009. The results showed that most of the evaluated parameters complied with the standard requirements. The leather exhibited a thickness of 1.30 mm, tear strength of 52.38 kg/cm, tensile strength of 1653.26 kg/cm², elongation at break of 60.49%, and satisfactory crack resistance, burst resistance, and flex resistance, all of which fulfilled the requirements of SNI 0234:2009. However, water absorption after 2 h (89.69%) and 24 h (100.35%), grain adhesion (nerf), and wet finish rub fastness did not fully satisfy the standard and therefore require further improvement. From an industrial ergonomics perspective, the excellent mechanical performance indicates that the evaluated box leather possesses sufficient flexibility, structural stability, and resistance to repetitive loading, making it suitable for footwear upper applications that demand long-term comfort and durability. Conversely, the relatively high water absorption may reduce user comfort by increasing moisture retention and footwear weight during prolonged use. Overall, the evaluated box leather demonstrated good conformity with SNI 0234:2009, with future improvements recommended for moisture resistance, grain adhesion, and finishing performance through optimization of the retanning and finishing processes
Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Sheep/Goat Garment Leather According to SNI 4593:2011 with Industrial Ergonomics Wahyu Fajar Winata; Fauzi Ashari; Himawan Santoso
Industrial Innovation Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Industrial Innovation
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58533/65frjr16

Abstract

Sheep and goat garment leather is widely utilized in the apparel industry because of its softness, flexibility, lightweight characteristics, and excellent mechanical performance, making it suitable for high-quality leather garments. The quality of garment leather plays a crucial role in determining not only product durability but also wearer comfort and freedom of movement during use. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of sheep/goat garment leather based on the requirements of SNI 4593:2011 and to discuss their implications from the perspective of industrial ergonomics. A descriptive research approach was employed using laboratory testing in accordance with SNI 4593:2011. The evaluated parameters included organoleptic properties, leather thickness, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, softness, crack resistance, water absorption, finish rub fastness, and other quality characteristics specified in the standard. The experimental results were analyzed descriptively by comparing each parameter with the quality requirements established in SNI 4593:2011 to determine the conformity of the tested leather. The evaluation indicated that most of the measured physical and mechanical properties satisfied the standard requirements, demonstrating that the leather possesses adequate structural integrity and flexibility for garment applications. Nevertheless, several parameters require further optimization to achieve full compliance with the national standard and to enhance overall product quality. From an industrial ergonomics perspective, the observed mechanical properties indicate that the evaluated leather is capable of accommodating body movements while maintaining structural stability during repeated use. Appropriate flexibility, tensile strength, and softness are expected to improve range of motion, wearing comfort, and long-term durability, whereas physical characteristics related to moisture behavior may influence thermal comfort and user satisfaction. Overall, the evaluated sheep/goat garment leather demonstrated good conformity with SNI 4593:2011, suggesting its suitability for garment applications. Future improvements should focus on optimizing leather processing and finishing to enhance both material performance and ergonomic quality while preserving the favorable mechanical properties of the leather
Co-Authors Dimas Betran Saputra Fauzi Ashari Fauzi Ashari Hafitz Noprianto Ramadhan Himawan Santoso Himawan Santoso Laili Rachmawati Nur Mutia Rosiati Prasetyo Hermawan Rina Dwi Asmarani