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All Journal MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer
Tsukasa Hirashima
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Computer Science & IT

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Comparison of Text Representation for Clustering Student Concept Maps Reni Fatrisna Salsabila; Didik Dwi Prasetya; Triyanna Widyaningtyas; Tsukasa Hirashima
MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Bumigora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30812/matrik.v24i2.4598

Abstract

This research aims to address the critical challenge of selecting a text representation method that effectively captures students’ conceptual understanding for clustering purposes. Traditional methods, such as Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), often fail to capture semantic relationships, limiting their effectiveness in clustering complex datasets. This study compares TF-IDF with the advanced Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to determine their suitability in clustering student concept maps for two learning topics: Databases and Cyber Security. The method used applies two clustering algorithms: K-Means and its improved variant, K-Means++, which enhances centroid initialization for better stability and clustering quality. The datasets consist of concept maps from 27 students for each topic, including 1,206 concepts and 616 propositions for Databases, as well as 2,564 concepts and 1,282 propositions for Cyber Security. Evaluation is conducted using two metrics Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) and Silhouette Score, to assess the compactness and separability of the clusters. The result of this study is that BERT consistently outperforms TF-IDF, producing lower DBI values and higher Silhouette Scores across all clusters (k= 2 - k=10). Combining BERT with K-Means++ yields the most compact and well-separated clusters, while TF-IDF results in overlapping and less-defined clusters. The research concludes that BERT is a superior text representation method for clustering, offering significant advantages in capturing semantic context and enabling educators to identify student misconceptions and improve learning strategies.
Revealing Interaction Patterns in Concept Map Construction Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models F.ti Ayyu Sayyidul Laily; Didik Dwi Prasetya; Anik Nur Handayani; Tsukasa Hirashima
MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Bumigora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30812/matrik.v24i2.4641

Abstract

Concept maps are educational tools for organizing and representing knowledge, enhancing comprehension, and memory retention. In concept map construction, much knowledge can be utilized. Still, concept map construction is complex, involving actions that reflect a user’s thinking and problemsolving strategies. Traditional methods struggle to analyze large datasets and capture temporal dependencies in these actions. To address this, the study applies deep learning and machine learning techniques. This research aims to evaluate and compare the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Random Forest algorithms in predicting user actions and uncovering user interaction patterns in concept map construction. This research method collects and analyzes interaction logs data from concept map activities, using these three models for evaluation and comparison. The results of this research are that LSTM achieved the highest accuracy (83.91%) due to its capacity to model temporal dependencies. Random Forest accuracy (80.53%), excelling in structured data scenarios. K-NN offered the fastest performance due to its simplicity, though its reliance on distance-based metrics limited accuracy (70.53%). In conclusion, these findings underscore the practical considerations in selecting models for concept map applications; LSTM demonstrates effectiveness in predicting user actions and excels for temporal tasks, while Random Forest and K-NN offer more efficient alternatives in computational.
Co-Authors Anik Nur Handayani Didik Dwi Prasetya F.ti Ayyu Sayyidul Laily Reni Fatrisna Salsabila Triyanna Widyaningtyas