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All Journal Interdisciplinary Social Studies Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP)
Sarwono Hardjomuljadi
Universitas Pekalongan, Indonesia
Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Journal : Interdisciplinary Social Studies

 1 
Principle of Equality and Force majeure Clause: A Study of Standard Contracts in the Indonesian Government Construction Sector Kodrat Insany Taqwim; Sarwono Hardjomuljadi; Sami'a Samian
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue: October-December 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v5i1.989

Abstract

This research investigates the implementation of the principle of equality in force majeure clauses under Indonesian government construction standard contracts, namely those regulated by the General Conditions of Contract (SSUK). The research is based on the idea that the risk-sharing in public construction contracts is still not fair. Contracting authorities (PPK) have most of the ability to interpret the contracts, while contractors have very few options when it comes to negotiating the conditions. A normative legal method was used, which included legislative, conceptual, and case methods. The examination encompasses the Indonesian Civil Code, the Construction Services Law, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 14 /2020, and foreign standards such as FIDIC. The study identified seven structural imbalances in force majeure provisions: (1) outdated risk definitions unsuitable for modern challenges like pandemics and cyber-attacks, (2) rigid and ambiguous notification procedures that disadvantage contractors, (3) disproportionate time extension calculations ignoring chain effects, (4) absence of cost compensation mechanisms for uncontrollable risks, (5) unilateral interpretation authority vested in PPK without independent review, (6) lack of transparent risk allocation matrices, and (7) slow and ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms. These findings were confirmed through Supreme Court Decision No. 2241 K/Pdt/2020, which nullified contractor sanctions for flooding-related delays. The study recommends adopting adaptive risk definitions, establishing reasonable notification procedures (28-day standard), implementing cost compensation mechanisms, creating independent adjudication bodies, developing explicit risk allocation matrices, and streamlining dispute resolution processes to achieve contractual balance and good faith principles.
Approval Drawing in EPC Fidic and its Implications on Contractual Injuries Irpan Logitra Purba; Sami’an Sami’an; Sarwono Hardjomuljadi
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue: October-December 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v5i1.997

Abstract

This research analyzes contractual challenges arising from the Owner's involvement in engineering drawing approvals within Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts, using the 500 kV Sumatra Transmission Project as a case study. Under the FIDIC Silver Book, the contractor bears full responsibility for engineering, procurement, and construction; however, PT PLN (Persero)'s review and approval of drawings introduced legal ambiguity and contributed to delays that led to Extension of Time (EOT) claims. Using a normative legal research method, the study shows that delays caused by Owner-initiated revisions constitute a valid basis for EOT under Sub-Clause 8.4, provided claims are submitted timely and supported by evidence. Conversely, procedural non-compliance may classify such delays as contractor default, subjecting the contractor to liquidated damages. The research concludes that Indonesia's civil law framework has not fully integrated FIDIC Silver Book principles, particularly regarding EOT processes, risk allocation, and dispute resolution. The study recommends standardizing EPC governance and clarifying Owner involvement.
Analysis of the Dynamics of the Global Business Environment on the Adaptation Strategies of Multinational Companies Putra Amantha Hasibuan; Sami’an Sami’an; Sarwono Hardjomuljadi; Dharma Teguh Pribadi
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue: October-December 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v5i1.1000

Abstract

This research analyzes the adaptation strategies of three multinational automotive companies in Indonesia—namely Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), PT Astra International Tbk., and PT Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk.—in responding to the dynamics of the global business environment through the perspective of Dynamic Capability Theory. The focus of the study is directed toward the three components of capability according to the theory: adaptive capability, absorptive capability, and innovative capability, which serve as the basis for evaluating the companies' ability to make strategic adjustments amid rapid changes triggered by globalization, geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, workforce transformation, acceleration of digitalization, and increased global investment in low-emission vehicle technology. The results of the study show that the three companies practice different but complementary adaptation strategies. TMMIN develops the most systemic strategies through electrification, export strengthening, green manufacturing, technology transfer, and triple helix collaboration. Astra's strategy focuses on digital transformation, ecosystem synergy, technology investment, and strengthening corporate sustainability. Indomobil's adaptation strategy focuses on exploiting market knowledge, global brand collaboration, and resilient segments. The synthesis of these three strategies results in an adaptation framework that overcomes the negative impacts of global dynamics, such as supply chain disruptions, skilled labor shortages, technology gaps, and digitalization pressures. This research makes a theoretical contribution to the development of the International Business Management literature, especially in understanding the contextual application of dynamic capability in the Indonesian automotive industry.
Co-Authors Angga Dwian Prakoso Atik Amalia Khusnawati Dharma Teguh Pribadi ian, sami Irpan Logitra Purba Kodrat Insany Taqwim Purnaning Siwi Kusumastuti Putra Amantha Hasibuan Sami'an Sami'an Sami’an Sami’an