Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Noris Mohd Norowi
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Exploring player interaction and team cooperation in MMOG playability enhancement Gong Xiaoxue; Lili Nurliyana Abdullah; Azrul Hazri Jantan; Noris Mohd Norowi; Fatimah Sidi; Gulmira Abildinova
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp644-654

Abstract

The massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) continue to grow in popularity, and it has become particularly important to understand the key factors that influence team playability. While existing research has focused primarily on system functionality and individual player experience, insufficient attention has been paid to the role of team dynamics in player satisfaction. This study focuses on the core variables that influence team playability, including teamwork, task dependency, team loyalty (TLO), and team relationships (TR), and explores how these variables work together to influence player experience. This study used a combination of exploratory research (multi-variates) and a questionnaire survey (N=1064) to initially construct a team playability model, which was validated by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that TR have a significant positive effect on teamwork efficiency, and captains with transformational leadership (TL) styles not only enhance TR but also further improve overall team effectiveness (TE) and player satisfaction. This study provides MMOG developers with theoretical support for designing game mechanics centered on team interaction to enhance overall playability and player stickiness.
Bandwidth-immediacy-social connectedness framework for rural secondary school’s extended m-learning experience Ain Arissa Zainuddin; Noris Mohd Norowi; Rahmita Wirza O. K. Rahmat; Mas Nida Md. Khambari
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i1.22726

Abstract

Mobility, instant access to knowledge, social interaction, and flexibility in terms of time, location, and pace are just few of the many benefits that mobile learning (m-learning) provides. To build an ideal m-learning platform, a framework acts as a plan that directs the construction of a unified, user-friendly, and efficient m-learning environment. Through the utilisation of Stanford’s bandwidth-immediacy matrix as a foundational framework, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of incorporating social connectedness as z-axis in between the bandwidth and immediacy axes by proposing a 3-dimensional matrix called bandwidth-immediacy-social connectedness in blue zone framework, shorten as BISC-B framework. A progressive web application (PWA) called bridging the urban-rural knowledge dissemination and learning gap (BURDLe) was developed with the implementation of BISC-B in order to fulfil the objectives of this study. BURDLe was evaluated for 2 weeks by students and teachers from Bachok, Kelantan, a remote Malaysian district. This study collected data sequentially using explanatory methods. Quantitative and descriptive analysis were used to summarise questionnaire data. Conversely, interviews were qualitatively analysed to validate the questionnaire results. The result of this study has revealed that social-connectedness is a factor that can influence the m-learning experience, along with bandwidth utilisation and immediacy.
Co-Authors Ain Arissa Zainuddin Azrul Hazri Jantan Fatimah Sidi Gong Xiaoxue Gulmira Abildinova Lili Nurliyana Abdullah Mas Nida Md. Khambari Rahmita Wirza O. K. Rahmat