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All Journal Edunesia : jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education
Rani Setyawati
Universitas PGRI Semarang
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Transformational Leadership and Organizational Climate as Predictors of Positive Discipline Culture in Indonesian Elementary Schools Rani Setyawati; Supandi Supandi; Nurkolis Nurkolis
Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Papanda Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56916/jirpe.v5i1.3319

Abstract

Positive discipline has become a key priority in elementary education as schools shift from punitive practices toward restorative approaches. However, implementation varies widely across schools and is likely shaped by leadership and organizational conditions. This quantitative ex post facto study examined the extent to which principals' transformational leadership and school organizational climate predict positive discipline culture in Indonesian public elementary schools. Participants were 130 teachers from 20 public elementary schools in Tanggungharjo District, Grobogan Regency, selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through validated Likert-scale questionnaires measuring transformational leadership, organizational climate, and positive discipline culture. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results showed that transformational leadership was strongly associated with positive discipline culture (r = 0.761, p < .01) and explained 57.9% of its variance. Organizational climate was also positively associated with positive discipline culture (r = 0.674, p < .01) and explained 45.5% of its variance. In the multiple regression model, both variables jointly explained 70.0% of the variance in positive discipline culture, with leadership showing a larger standardized contribution (β = 0.567) than climate (β = 0.398). These findings indicate that strengthening transformational leadership practices and improving school climate may be strategic levers for embedding positive discipline as sustainable school culture.
Transformational Leadership and Positive Discipline Culture in Indonesian Public Primary Schools: A Predictive Association Study Rani Setyawati; supandi supandi; Nurkolis Nurkolis
Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Research, Training and Philanthropy Institution Natural Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51276/edu.v7i2.1700

Abstract

Despite growing policy emphasis on positive discipline in Indonesian schools, empirical evidence on leadership predictors of discipline culture remains limited. This study examines whether principals' transformational leadership is associated with positive discipline culture in Indonesian public primary schools. Using a quantitative ex post facto (correlational) survey design, data were collected from 130 teachers across 20 public primary schools using proportionate stratified random sampling to ensure school-level representation. Teachers completed validated Likert-scale questionnaires measuring transformational leadership (36 items; α = .975) and positive discipline culture (36 items; α = .975). Simple linear regression indicated that transformational leadership significantly predicted positive discipline culture (R² = .579; B = 0.718; p < .001), representing a large effect size (f² = 1.375). This study contributes district-level evidence positioning positive discipline culture as a proximal organizational outcome sensitive to transformational leadership behaviors. Implications for principal professional development, leadership coaching, and district-level supervision are discussed. The cross-sectional, self-report design limits causal inference and generalizability.
Co-Authors Nurkolis Supandi