<![CDATA[Mathematical modeling is key in helping students connect abstract mathematics with real-life situations by transforming practical problems into mathematical forms, solving them analytically, and interpreting solutions in context. This study investigates junior high school students' mathematical modeling abilities in solving PISA tasks on Uncertainty and Data, analyzed through the OECD (2018) framework of formulating, employing, interpreting, and evaluating. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, we collected data through written tests and follow-up interviews with seventh-grade students. Findings reveal that students show moderate ability in employing mathematical procedures (50.2%) but struggle with formulating problems (45.3%). Most critically, they demonstrate significant difficulties in interpreting (33.7%) and evaluating (28.5%) solutions within real-world contexts, impairing their ability to apply mathematics practically. Qualitative analysis of written tests and interviews shows that students often develop mental strategies but fail to articulate them in writing. These findings underscore the critical need to strengthen higher-order modeling skills in instructional practices, particularly interpretation, evaluation, and mathematical communication. The study reveals essential gaps between procedural competence and practical application, suggesting that curriculum reforms should emphasize problem-solving approaches to develop mathematical modeling abilities that meet PISA’s standards.]]>
