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All Journal Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun Dan Teknologi International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Saputra, I Nyoman Agus Adi
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Numerical simulation of co-firing oil palm fronds and lignite coal injected at different burning rates in tangential pulverized coal burner Ihsan, Sobar; Prabowo, Prabowo; Widodo, Wawan Aries; Saputra, I Nyoman Agus Adi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60982

Abstract

Reducing CO₂ emissions and utilizing biomass, particularly palm oil mill waste, is crucial for addressing climate change, enhancing air quality, and advancing environmentally sustainable clean technology innovations. Palm fronds can serve as a renewable fuel source with minimal emissions, providing a viable co-firing option for coal in coal-fired power plants (PLTU). Although previous studies have shown promising CO₂ emission reductions through co-combustion of oil palm fronds and coal, there is still no comprehensive analysis of the combustion characteristics and emission behavior when varying the burner injection zone, thus further research is required. This study performs a numerical analysis using three-dimensional computational-fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the co-burning process of palm fronds alongside low-calorie coal (LRC) at the Pacitan PLTU, which has a capacity of 315 megawatts. The co-burning simulation, incorporating a 5% substitution of palm fronds in each burner, was conducted to differentiate between burners A and D, aiming to determine the optimum injection area. The findings of the simulation reveal inconsistencies in combustion properties, particularly regarding temperature allocation. The primary results demonstrate a temperature rise when palm fronds are used as a co-firing fuel, attributed to their greater volatility and oxygen content compared to coal. The most notable decrease in CO₂ emissions was observed with the substitution of 5% oil palm fronds in burner B; however, the reduction was not substantial, as indicated by a mass fraction value of 0.128 at the boiler discharge. An increase in NOx mass fraction was also observed due to the organic nitrogen in palm frond biomass, which decomposes rapidly during combustion at high temperatures. This co-firing technology is expected to provide a means for lowering emissions and improving the use of alternative fuels as a substitution for fossil fuels in a time to come.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A THERMOELECTRIC COOLER BOX USING A WATER-COOLING BLOCK AND HEATSINK–FAN SYSTEM Saputra, I Nyoman Agus Adi; Winarta, Adi; Sutina, I Wayan
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

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Abstract

This study presents a mathematical modeling and thermal performance analysis of a Thermoelectric Cooler Box (TEC) equipped with two hot-side heat rejection systems: a Water Cooling Block (WCB) and a Heatsink–Fan (HSF). Thermoelectric cooling offers an environmentally friendly alternative to vapor-compression refrigeration because it operates without refrigerants and requires only low-voltage DC power. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of electrical current on temperature distribution, cooling capacity (Qc), and the coefficient of performance (COP) of a TEC1-12706 module under both cooling configurations. The mathematical model is formulated based on the energy balance between the cold and hot sides, incorporating the Peltier effect, thermal conduction, and Joule heating losses. Numerical simulations were performed in Python for currents ranging from 1 to 7 A. The results show that the WCB reduces the hot-side temperature (Tₕ) by 6–8 °C compared with the HSF, indicating superior heat rejection. However, the HSF system achieves a slightly higher COP (about 5–7%) due to the lower cold-side temperature (Tc) obtained in the WCB configuration, which reduces the effective Peltier cooling term. The maximum COP for both systems occurs at 3–4 A, corresponding to a temperature difference (ΔT) of approximately 28 °C. Although the cooling capacity of the WCB is slightly lower (<10%) due to increased back-conduction, it offers better thermal stability and long-term performance consistency. Overall, the developed mathematical model accurately represents the TEC’s thermal behavior and provides a reliable foundation for optimizing water-cooled thermoelectric designs.
Co-Authors Adi Winarta, Adi Prabowo Prabowo sobar ihsan, sobar Sutina, I Wayan Wawan Aries Widodo