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All Journal JURNAL PROMOSI KESEHATAN INDONESIA Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education
Putri, Dhea Ninda
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Health Professions Public Health

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Self-disclosure of Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) as an Effort to Prevent HIV and AIDS Putri, Dhea Ninda; Rif'ah, Erwin Nur; Rokhmah, Dewi
Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 20 No 4: October 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Health Promotion Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpki.20.4.%p

Abstract

Background: The HIV epidemic in Indonesia is still a major health problem, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). The high prevalence of HIV in MSM is influenced by fear of stigma, discrimination, or negative consequences. Self-disclosure is an important aspect of efforts to prevent HIV and AIDS, but there are still MSM who experience obstacles related to self-disclosure.Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. The main informants consisted of 10 MSM domiciled in the Jember Regency, selected using the snowball technique. Source triangulation was carried out by involving HIV and AIDS NGO companions, peers, partners, and health workers. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, while data analysis used the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method.Result: The results of the study showed that self-disclosure in MSM was influenced by several main factors, namely motivation, intensity, accuracy of feedback, time, and depth and breadth of information shared. The majority of informants felt comfortable opening up to peers and MSM friends compared to family or health workers. Negative feedback from the social environment tended to inhibit openness, while positive support could increase motivation to share information. This study emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, especially in health services, to increase openness in HIV and AIDS prevention efforts. A supportive environment, especially in health services, is essential to increase openness in HIV and AIDS prevention efforts. The suggestion given is to conduct health promotion to increase self-disclosure of MSM in preventing HIV and AIDS, which can be done through education, social support, and increasing access to health services
Between Silence and Survival: Social Stigma and Disclosure Dilemmas Among MSM in HIV Prevention Efforts Rif'ah, Erwin Nur; Putri, Dhea Ninda; Rokhmah, Dewi
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 13 No. SI2 (2025): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jpk.V13.ISI2.2025.108-116

Abstract

Background: For more than three decades, the HIV epidemic in Indonesia has continued to grow and has primarily affected men who have sex with men (MSM). The high prevalence of HIV is inseparable from triggering stigma and discrimination. This hampers prevention and treatment, and encourages many MSM in Indonesia to hide their identity and sexual orientation, so that difficulties in accessing HIV prevention and treatment services and increase the risk of HIV transmission. Self-disclosure is an important aspect for MSM to help prevent HIV transmission and improve treatment adherence. Methods: This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach using snowball sampling. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method to explore the dynamics of self-disclosure through the lens of the Johari Window theory, focusing on hidden and blind areas. Results: The findings reveal that MSM often conceal their sexual orientation and HIV status due to fear of stigma and discrimination, especially from family, workplace, and social circles representing the hidden area. Meanwhile, the blind area emerges when the environment perceives MSM's identity without explicit disclosure, sometimes offering support but also reinforcing societal pressure. These dynamics significantly affect MSM's willingness to seek help and disclose critical information necessary for HIV prevention. Conclusion: Self-disclosure among MSM is significantly influenced by stigma, discrimination, and the social environment which either supports or hinders their openness. To address this, inclusive and stigma-reducing strategies are urgently needed, particularly within healthcare services.
Co-Authors Dewi Rokhmah Rif'ah, Erwin Nur