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Optimization of Soxhlet Extraction of Candlenut Oil (Aleurites moluccana (L.) willd) Using Factorial Experimental Design Level 23 Fachrina, Salsabila; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2023: JVSAR, Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v5i1.17143

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) wild) is a plant of the Euphorbiceae family. Candlenut oil is obtained by extracting the oil content in candlenut seeds. Soxhlation is an effective method for solvent extraction, ensuring continuous contact between the solvent and the material to extract the oil efficiently while maintaining the purity of the solvent. In this study, optimization of candlenut oil extraction was carried out using the factorial experimental design level 23. Using this method, it can be determined that the extraction time is the most influential variable in the candlenut oil extraction process. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions were an extraction time of 185 min, a candlenut seed powder size of 20 mesh, and a ratio of material-solvent ratio of 1:6 g/g, resulting in an oil yield of 43.2%. The analysis of candlenut oil conducted at an extraction time of 185 min revealed the following results: a refractive index value of 1.4736, a moisture content of 0.08% bb/b, which complies with the standard SNI 01-4462-1998 for candlenut oil, a viscosity of 15.47 Cp, and a density of 0.869 g/mL. The analysis of the free fatty acid number of 2.4%bb/b and saponification number of 181.55 mg KOH/g is not consistent with SNI 01-4462-1998 candlenut oil.

Optimization of Papaya Seed Oil Production Process (Carica papaya L.) with Soxhlation Extraction Method using Factorial Design Salsabila, Salsabila; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2023: JVSAR, Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v5i1.17308

This study aims to optimize the extraction of papaya seed oil (Carica papaya L.) using a factorial design level 2. Papaya seeds are a significant component of the fruit, comprising approximately 14.3% of the total fruit weight. These seeds contain about 25% vegetable oil, predominantly composed of unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to be processed into consumable oil. The extraction method employed is Soxhlet extraction using a non-polar solvent, n-hexane. A factorial design level 23 was utilized to determine the most influential process variables. The variables were considered to the ratio of papaya seed mass to solvent volume (1:7 and 1:11), particle size (10 and 30 mesh), and extraction time (170 and 190 min). Optimization was conducted using the quicker method calculation, where the determination of the largest effect and the largest main effect played a crucial role. The analysis revealed that the ratio of papaya seed mass to solvent volume had the most significant main effect, with an effect value of 0.1217. From the analysis, it was found that the 1:7 ratio produced the lowest level of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in the oil, at 0.5076%, which aligns with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirement of 0.36-0.82% FFA content. Furthermore, an analysis of density, viscosity, and moisture content was conducted on the 1:7 ratio. The test results showed that the 1:7 ratio resulted in an oil density of 0.924 g/mL, moisture content of 0.07127%, and FFA content of 0.5076%. However, based on theoretical knowledge, an increase in FFA content leads to a decrease in oil quality. Additionally, higher ratios corresponded to increased moisture content and density. In conclusion, the papaya seed oil produced in this study complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI, 01-3555-1998) regarding FFA content (0.36-0.82%), moisture content (maximum 0.15%), and density (0.924-0.929 g/mL).

Optimization On Subcritical Fluid Extraction Of Zingiberene Paramita, Vita; Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Hartati, Indah; Bahrudin, Udin; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2019: JVSAR, Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2019 (April 2019)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

The establishment of subcritical fluid application for zingiberene extraction was studied by employing water as a green solvent. The zingiberene content was observed by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry and regarding to the independent variable of temperature, extraction time, ginger-solvent ratio and aging time. By applying subcritical water, the critical value of zingiberene content obtained was 0.036%. This value was approached by the surface modeling of alpha for rotatability design which performed at 125 oC, 20 min of extraction time, 0.08 of ginger to solvent ratio and 9 min of aging time of extraction parameters. The surface modeling was validated by plotting the observed and predicted value of zingiberene content and evidenced by the value of R-square at 0.76.

Optimization of Soxhlet Extraction Papaya Seed Oil (Carica papaya L.) with Petroleum Ether Andriana, Riski; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2023: JVSAR, Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v5i1.17338

Papaya seed oil is a high source of fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It has 71.60% oleic acid, 15.13% palmitic acid, and has a low cholesterol content so it can be useful as a food oil. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of ingredients, time, and particle size on the maximum extraction of papaya seed oil. Extraction of papaya seed oil was carried out by the soxhletation extraction method using petroleum ether solvent. The factorial experimental design of 23 was used to determine the significant parameters for the resulting papaya seed oil: yield, density, fatty acid content, viscosity, and water content. The most influential process variable is particle size. The most optimal papaya seed oil extraction results were obtained at a particle size of 20 mesh, an extraction time of 180 minutes, and a ratio of ingredients to the dissolution of 1:9 (35 gram500 mL). That value obtains a yield of 57.029%.

Utilization of Papain Enzymes on the Production of Virgin Coconut Oil Sabbila, Syifa Ranggita; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2022: JVSAR, Volume 4 Issue 2 Year 2022 (October 2022)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v4i2.16036

VCO is an oil that has many benefits for the human body. In the health sector, VCO can function to increase the human body's resistance and accelerate the healing of diseases and obesity. Making VCO can be done in various ways, one of which is by enzymatic method with the help of papain enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the most influential variable on the making of virgin coconut oil. The method used is by fermentation using papain enzyme catalysts and the temperature and time of fermentation according to the specified variable and analysis of water content and free fatty acids using factorial design 2x3. The results obtained from the study of the most influential effect on water content and free fatty acids are time variable and enzyme concentration, while the most influential interaction variables are fermentation time and temperature. The optimum water content obtained is 0.18% and free fatty acids are 0.28%. The optimum combination of independent variables that can produce optimum water content and free fatty acids is papain enzyme concentration of 3gr, temperature 33oC, and fermentation time of 24 hours.

The Effect of Moisture Content on Reducing the Free Fatty Acid Content of Nyamplung Seed Oil (Callophylum inophyllum) Using Factorial Design Method Pambayun, Faizal; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2023: JVSAR, Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v5i1.17619

Nyamplung seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum) have an oil content of 50–70%, in Indonesia nyamplung seeds have a high productivity of 20 t/ha. The process of extracting nyamplung seed oil chemical process produces a higher yield than mechanical. Extraction was collected using the soxhletation extraction method because the oil can be extracted perfectly and requires little solvent. The FFA content is very high, ranging from 15-30% which causes high oil quality to decrease. The high FFA content is due to the high % water content (23-25%) in nyamplung seeds, which causes a hydrolysis process where triglycerides dissociate in the presence of water, glycerol and FFA. The research variables are the moisture content of nyamplung seeds (8% and 12%), the size of the material (15 and 25 mesh), and the ratio of the material to the solvent (1:4 and 1:6) using the factorial design method for research optimization using variable moisture content Nyamplung seed is 8%, size is 20 mesh, and raw material to solvent ratio is 1:5. Novelty value research is effect of % water content on reduction of free fatty acid(FFA) levels contained nyamplung seed oil. Whereas in previous research Adenuga et al., (2021) % water content was not the main parameter for reducing free fatty acid levels. But the main parameters are only drying temperature and oven temperature. FFA content without reducing the % water content of 24 mg KOH/g Jahirul et al. (2015) and 29.2 mg KOH/g Hasibuan et al. (2013) whereas the results of the study showed an FFA level of 13.30%, which means that there was a decrease in FFA levels directly proportional to the decrease in the moisture content of nyamplung seeds.

Optimization Extraction of Sunflower Seed Oil (Helianthus Annus) Using Factorial Design Experiment with Soxhlation Method Shabrina, Shabrina; Broto, R. T. D. Wisnu
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2023: JVSAR, Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v5i1.17105

Sunflower seed oil is one type of vegetable oil whose growth is still in its early stages in Indonesia. Due to a shortage of domestic availability, several edible oil enterprises in Indonesia still need to import a significant amount of sunflower seed oil. Rukmana (2004) states that the content of sunflower oil's content ranges from 23 to 45%. 11.7% oleic acid and 44-72% linoleic acid are both present in sunflower oil. The goal of this study was to identify the best process factors in light of the obtained oil yield. This study's used Fractional Design Experiment 23 with Quicker Method analysis. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were an extraction time of 185 min, temperature of 60 ℃, and material-solvent ratio of (R) of 1:6, yielding an oil of 51.6%.

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