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Handika, Yella
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Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Development of A Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Atenolol using Soybean Oil, Olive Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil Fitriani, Endang Wahyu; Malini, Helma; Rosita, Vestiana; Handika, Yella
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v7i1.7440

Abstract

Oral formulations remain the primary method of drug delivery, however, the solubility and lipophilicity of compounds such as atenolol present significant obstacles. Atenolol, a β1-selective antihypertensive agent, exhibits limited solubility in both aqueous and gastrointestinal environments. Atenolol is developed in a lipid-based delivery system, specifically the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS), to enhance its bioavailability and resolve this issue. SNEDDS can improve drug solubility by generating spontaneous nanoemulsions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to evaluate and improve the main components of SNEDDS, specifically oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, according to the parameters of % transmittance, polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential. The research findings suggest that the nine formulas have not yet achieved the optimal attributes concerning clarity and durability against dilution. Differences in oil types and amounts of surfactants and cosurfactants influence droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Formulas 2 (soybean oil), 7, and 9 (olive oil) exhibit physicochemical parameters that meets the criteria and possess potential for further advancement. Submitted: 10-04-2025, Revised: 22-04-2025, Accepted: 07-05-2025, Published regularly: June 2025
Co-Authors Endang Wahyu Fitriani, Endang Wahyu Helma Malini, Helma Rosita, Vestiana