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All Journal Journal of Management Analytical and Solution The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities Journal Of Management Analytical and Solution (JoMAS)
Sitompul, Martua
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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 1 
China’s Belt and Road Initiative as a Strategy for Hegemonic Contestation in the Indo-Pacific Region Sitompul, Martua
Journal Of Management Analytical and Solution (JoMAS) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal Of Management Analytical and Solution
Publisher : TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jomas.v5i2.19846

Abstract

This article examines China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a strategicinstrument in its efforts to challenge the existing hegemonic order in the IndoPacific region. Amid growing geopolitical rivalry, particularly with the UnitedStates and its allies, China has employed the BRI not merely as an economicdevelopment scheme, but as a tool of influence projection, regional integration,and soft power consolidation. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach andcritical geopolitical analysis, this study explores how China’s BRI projects ranging from infrastructure development to digital connectivity are reshapingregional power dynamics. The research finds that China’s approach blendseconomic diplomacy with strategic interest, fostering dependencies andinfluence in key Indo-Pacific states. However, the implementation of BRI alsoencounters resistance in the form of debt-trap diplomacy allegations,environmental critiques, and counter-initiatives like the U.S.-led Indo-PacificStrategy. The article concludes that the BRI is central to China’s vision of aSinocentric order, signaling a shift from unipolar to multipolar geopoliticalcompetition in the Indo-Pacific.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative as a Strategy for Hegemonic Contestation in the Indo-Pacific Region Sitompul, Martua
Journal Of Management Analytical and Solution (JoMAS) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal Of Management Analytical and Solution
Publisher : TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jomas.v5i2.19846

Abstract

This article examines China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a strategicinstrument in its efforts to challenge the existing hegemonic order in the IndoPacific region. Amid growing geopolitical rivalry, particularly with the UnitedStates and its allies, China has employed the BRI not merely as an economicdevelopment scheme, but as a tool of influence projection, regional integration,and soft power consolidation. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach andcritical geopolitical analysis, this study explores how China’s BRI projects ranging from infrastructure development to digital connectivity are reshapingregional power dynamics. The research finds that China’s approach blendseconomic diplomacy with strategic interest, fostering dependencies andinfluence in key Indo-Pacific states. However, the implementation of BRI alsoencounters resistance in the form of debt-trap diplomacy allegations,environmental critiques, and counter-initiatives like the U.S.-led Indo-PacificStrategy. The article concludes that the BRI is central to China’s vision of aSinocentric order, signaling a shift from unipolar to multipolar geopoliticalcompetition in the Indo-Pacific.
The Collapse of Syria: A Case of the failure of Counter-Insurgency (COIN) from Clausewitz Trinity Perspective Sitompul, Martua; Hendra, Afrizal
The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 03 (2025): The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities (ESSSH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/esssh.v2i03.609

Abstract

The Syrian conflict, beginning in 2011, escalated into a complex civil war, challenging the government's counterinsurgency (COIN) efforts. This study analyzes Syria's COIN failure through Clausewitz's Trinity, focusing on the interplay between government, military, and people. Using qualitative document analysis, data from government reports, academic articles, and expert analyses are examined. The research highlights an imbalance in Clausewitz's Trinity: the Assad regime lost legitimacy, the military fragmented, and excessive reliance on force alienated civilians. External support for rebels further hindered COIN efforts. The study underscores the need for balanced COIN strategies, integrating military action, government legitimacy, and popular support. These insights offer valuable lessons for addressing future insurgencies with a holistic approach.
Co-Authors Hendra, Afrizal