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All Journal Jurnal Riset Kimia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Haryadinaru, Ghinatanitha Haqqu
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Nigella Sativa-mediated Synthesis of BiVO4/g-C3N4 Composites for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Haryadinaru, Ghinatanitha Haqqu; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Riapanitra, Anung
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20354

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of BiVO4-Nigella Sativa/g-C3N4 composites for the degradation of methylene blue dye. The composites were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized through various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their crystal structure, chemical composition, morphology, adsorption and photocatalytic abilities. A variation of mass ratios of BiVO4 to g-C3N4 of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 was used in this investigation. The photocatalytic test results indicated that the composite with a mass ratio of 1:2 achieved the highest methylene blue degradation, reaching 91.73%, which was primarily attributed to an adsorption activity of 81.12% and a photocatalytic degradation of 10.60%. The photocatalytic activity was significantly enhanced under alkaline conditions, particularly at pH levels between 9 and 10, which facilitated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study highlights the synergistic effects of the BiVO4 and g-C3N4 combination, which promotes efficient charge transfer, reduces electron-hole recombination, and expands light absorption due to a decrease in the effective bandgap energy. Overall, the findings indicate that BiVO4-Nigella Sativa/g-C3N4 composites have considerable potential for application in wastewater treatment, particularly for the remediation of organic dye pollutants. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Hydrothermal and Coprecipitation Synthesis Design of BiVO4 for Methylene Blue Degradation Riapanitra, Anung; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Haryanto, Michael Julian; Haryadinaru, Ghinatanitha Haqqu
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.740

Abstract

This study investigated the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 photocatalyst synthesized using hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light. The variation of synthesis parameters, including pH, calcination temperature, and pH of MB solution, affects the crystal structure, morphology, and photocatalytic efficiency of the material. XRD characterization results show that the hydrothermal method produces BiVO4 with pure scheelite(m-s) monoclinic phase and high crystallinity, while the coprecipitation method produces a combination of scheelite(m-s) monoclinic and orthorhombic Bi4V2O11 phases, which contributes to enhanced photocatalytic activity through better charge separation. The average crystal size of the hydrothermal method is 17.85 nm, larger than that of coprecipitation (11.41-14.71 nm), which gives the coprecipitated material a surface area advantage. SEM analysis showed rod-like morphology in hydrothermal, while coprecipitation produced sphere-grape-like particles. UV-Vis DRS results show that hydrothermal synthesized BiVO4 has a band gap energy of 2.28 eV, smaller than BiV(4)(400) (2.46 eV) and higher than BiV(4)(550) (2.07 eV) synthesized using coprecipitation method. This smaller band gap energy indicates that the interaction of Bi³⁺ and VO₄³- ions in the hydrothermal material is better, thus favoring visible light absorption. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained from the coprecipitated material with a degradation efficiency of 89.32% at pH 11 within 150 min, higher than the hydrothermal material which reached 76.06% under similar conditions. This photocatalytic activity was dominated by OH* and O2-* radicals, which play a role in MB degradation. This study shows that designing synthesis pH parameters (4-7), calcination temperature (400), and coprecipitation method produced a material with optimum photocatalytic performance, making BiVO4 a superior candidate for colored wastewater treatment applications.
Co-Authors Anung Riapanitra Haryanto, Michael Julian Tien Setyaningtyas