Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 22 Documents
Search

OPTIMALISASI NILAI KALOR DAN WAKTU NYALA TERHADAP DIMENSI DAN BERAT BRIKET BIO ARANG BERBAHAN BAKU BAMBU Vianney, Yohanes; Yuniningsih, Susy; Iskandar, Taufik
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Energy needs that continue to inventories rose by and the availability of fuel oil and gas that are disappearing forced people to look for alternative sources of fuel.Therefore,conducted a study to obtain an alternative fuel that can be updated as biomass waste from bamboo. The Purpose of this research is to know the influence of dimensions and weight bioarang briquettes on the value of the heat insulation and the length of time the flame.Now the specified variable is dimensions : Triangle, Square, and the cylinder,and with the briquette Weight : 100 gr, 200 gr, and 300 gr. The results dipeoleh in this research is the value of the highest heat insulation acquired at the dimension of the shaped triangle100 gr with the value of the heat insulation of 6,229 Kcal/gr, while the length of time the flame of the longest acquired at the dimensions of the cylinder 300 gr namely for 6 hours 24 minutes 35 seconds. Optimum point obtained in strong press 8.15 kg/m2 with the weight of the briquette 279,54 gr where reachable values of heat of 5,99931 kcal/gr with the length of time the flame of 1843,49 minutes. The conclusion to be drawn that the dimensions and weight of the briquette did not influence the value of the heat insulation but affect the length of time the flame. Key Words :Bamboo, Pirolisis, Charcoal Briquettes, the value of the heat insulation, the length of time the flame ABSTRAK Kebutuhan energi yang terus menigkat dan ketersediaan bahan bakar minyak dan gas yang terus menipis memaksa manusia untuk mencari sumber alternatif bahan bakar.Oleh karena itu,dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk memperoleh bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui seperti limbah biomassa dari bambu.Penelitian inibertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh dimensi dan berat briket bioarang terhadap nilai kalor dan lama waktu nyala. Adapun variabel yang ditentukan adalah dimensi : Segitiga, Segiempat, dan Silinder,dan dengan berat briket : 100 gr, 200 gr, dan 300 gr. Hasil yang dipeoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai kalor tertinggi didapat pada dimensi berbentuk segitiga100 gr dengan nilai kalor sebesar 6,229 kkal/gr, sedangkan lama waktu nyala terlama didapat pada dimensi berbentuk silinder 300 gr yaitu selama 6 jam 24 menit 35 detik. Titik optimal yang diperoleh berada pada kuat tekan 8,15 kg/m2 dengan berat briket 279,54 gr dimana didapat nilai kalor sebesar 5,99931 kkal/gr dengan lama waktu nyala sebesar 1843,49 menit. Kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa dimensi dan berat briket tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor tetapi berpengaruh terhadap lama waktu nyala. Kata kunci :Bambu, Pirolisis, Briket Arang, Nilai Kalor, Lama Waktu Nyala
PENGARUH KADAR AMILUM DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA Seo, Belandina; Yuniningsih, Susy; Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Biomass or organic waste materials can be processed and used as an alternative fuel for example, the manufacture of briquettes. During this briquettes are made only from coal alone. The researchers tried briquettes from coconut shell, coconut shell charcoal is the product obtained from the incomplete combustion of coconut shell. Charcoal gives a higher combustion heat and less smoke. The process of making charcoal briquettes using carbonization process in which the temperature of 300 ° C is used to form the coconut shell charcoal. One of the factors that influence the combustion process of coconut shell charcoal briquette is theparticle size. With smaller particle size, it will be faster charcoal .briquettes burn, whereasfor larger particle size for gluing it will be difficult to glue. Starch concentration and particle size effect on the calorific value as more and more levels of starch used, the calorific value decreases, the high calorific value is at 6% starch content is 8.317kkal, and a particle size of 30 mesh. Keywords: Size of Particle, Composition Starch Solution ABSTRAK Biomassa ataupun bahan-bahan limbah organik dapat diolah dan dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif contohnya, dengan pembuatan briket.Selama ini pembuatan briket hanya terbuat dari batu bara saja. Maka peneliti mencoba pembuatan briket dari tempurung kelapa, arang tempurung kelapa adalah produk yang diperoleh dari pembakaran tidak sempurna dari tempurung kelapa. Arang memberikan kalor pembakaran yang lebih tinggi dan asap yang lebih sedikit. Proses pembuatan arang briket menggunakan proses karbonisasi dimana temperatur yang digunakan adalah 300 - 500oC terbentuk arang tempurung kelapa. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pada proses pembakaran briket arang tempurungkelapa adalah ukuran partikel. Dengan Partikel yang lebih kecil ukurannya, maka briket arangakan lebih cepat terbakar, sedangkan untuk ukuran partikel yang lebih besar maka untuk perekatan akan partikel yang cukup besar akan sulit dilakukan perekatan sehingga mempengaruhi kuat tekan untuk merekat. Kadar amilum dan ukuran partikel berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor karena semakin banyak kadar amilum yang digunakan maka nilai kalornya semakin menurun dikarenakan kadar air yang terdapat dalam perekat semakin banyak Nilai kalor yang tinggi adalah pada kadar amilum 6% yaitu 8.317kkal, danukuran partikel 30 mesh.
Identifikasi Nilai Kalor Pada Brieket Biochar Berbahan Baku Kulit Durian Hasbullah, Hasbullah; Iskandar, Taufik; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK Briket adalah arang yang dari serbuk arang yang ditambah larutan perekat, kemudian di press, yang akhirnya mempunyai bentuk, ukuran dan kerapatan tertentu, sehingga menjadi produk yang efisien dalam penggunaan sebagai bahan bakar.Biochar merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan arang berpori yang terbuat dari sampah organik yang ditambahkan ke tanah.Biochar dihasilkan melalui proses pirolisis biomasa. Pirolisis ini dilakukan dengan memaparkan biomasa pada temperatur tinggi tanpa adanya oksigen. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian pembuatan briket arang dari kulit durian dengan cara pirolisis ini, maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut : Pada ukuran partikel 35 mesh dan kuat tekan 5 kg memiliki nilai kalor tertinggi yaitu 6756,92 kkal/gr yang memiliki diameter dalam (di) 2 cm, diameter luar (do) 5 cm dan tingginya 4 cm, Pada kuat tekan 5 kg/m2 dan ukuran partikel 35 mesh memiliki lama waktu uji nyala terlama yaitu 64,24 menit yang memiliki diameter dalam (di) 2 cm, diameter luar (do) 5 cm dan tingginya 4 cm, Titik optimal yang diperoleh yaitu pada kuat tekan 2830,01 kg/m2 dengan nilai Desirability 0,710 dan ukuran partikel yang optimal sebesar 31,28 mesh serta nilai kalor optimal sebesar 56,4812 kkal/gr dengan lama waktu uji nyala yang optimal sebesar 56,4812 menit. Kata kunci : Briket; Biochar; Reaktor Pyrolisis; Kulit Durian ABSTRACT The briquettes are charcoal from charcoal which is added by adhesive solution, then in press, which eventually has a certain shape, size and density, making it an efficient product in use as fuel.Biochar is a term used to describe porous charcoal made from waste organic matter added to the soil. Biochar is produced through a biomass pyrolysis process. This pyrolysis is carried out by exposing biomass at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen,From result of research which have been done in research making charcoal briquettes from durian leather with this pyrolysis way, hence can be taken some conclusion as follows: On 35 mesh particle size and compressive strength 5 kg have highest calorific value that is 6756,92 kcal / 2 cm in diameter, 5 cm in diameter and 4 cm in height. At 5 kg / m2 compressive strength and 35 mesh particle size have longest flame test duration of 64.24 minutes having inner diameter (in) 2 cm, outer diameter (do) 5 cm and 4 cm high, Optimal point obtained is the compressive strength 2830.01 kg / m2 with Desirability value 0.710 and the optimal particle size of 31.28 mesh and the optimal calorific value of 56, 4812 kcal / gr with the duration of the optimal flame test of 56.4812 minutes. Keywords : Briquette; Biochar; Pyrolysis Reactor; Durian Skin
PEMANFAATAN TONGKOL JAGUNG MENJADI ASAP CAIR MENGGUNAKAN PROSES PIROLISIS Martins, Olga Dasilva; Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The stench caused by the breakdown of proteins by microbes produce a shing odor that is often encountered by rubber farmers cause bokar quality ( though rubber material ) to be low and cause environmental pollution if not handled in a proper way . In the timber industry , the wood becomes easy rotten, easily attacked by termites and easily decayed , it can be said that the quality of the wood is low. Solutions to this problem’s is to utilize the technology of liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and quantity of liquid smoke corncob non-food as a natural preservative that can be applied to rubber plantations and wood industries. This study begins with the cleaning process, enumeration and drying. Then weighed as much as 3 kg of corn cobs and put into a pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of 175 °C, for 5 hours. The third stage product analysis by GC/MS for the brand Hewlett Packard 6890 MSD 5973 GC equipped Chesstation data base system and a pH meter. The results showed that the quantity of liquid smoke corncob based on the yield is 31.65 % . The quality of liquid smoke seen from phenol content is 1, 38 % and acidity ( As. Acetate ) at 1.3 %. Keywords : Corn Cob, Pyrolisis, Condensation, Liquid Smoke
OPTIMALISASI KANDUNGAN ASAP CAIR DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN SABUT KELAPA MELALUI PROSES PIROLISIS Purnawati, Eka; Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Coconut shell and husk was the waste wich has not been utilize optimally. They have a fairly high content of cellulose. The solution of this problem to become liquid smoke. The aim of this research was to detect the best yield result of liquid smoke that containet phenol and acid. Liquid smoke obtained from the condensation of fumes on pyrolysis of constituents such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Pyrolysis occurred for 5 hours at temperature of 400 ° C. Two dominant resulting compound is phenol and organic acids which inhibit the growth of bacteria. The best results are found in liquid smoke grade 1 with grade phenol compound at 4.08%, 10.39% acidity and pH value of 1.4. The yield best results from the coconut husk is 32.6%. Key Word : Liquid Smoke, Pyrolysis, Phenol
OPTIMALISASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BRIKET ARANG DARI JERAMI PADI MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI SLOW PYROLISIS Yuniningsih, Susy; Oliveira, Geremias M.; Iskandar, Taufik
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Petroleum is a non-renewable energy, while oil is still a choice that will result in the depletion of oil reserves. One of the energy that needs to be addressed to develop is biomass as an alternative energy. Alternative technologies for utilizing biomass waste is a technology for making charcoal by pyrolysis. Charcoal briquettes can be used as an energy alternative to kerosene. The raw material charcoal briquettes can be made of various materials, such as rice straw. In this study, the material used is rice straw aims to determine the effect of particle size dankuat press the calorific value and the duration of the test flame from rice straw charcoal briquette. Rice straw is the material that is not so good to be used as charcoal briquettes, in accordance with the results of the highest calorific value is 3,100 cal and flame test longest time is 10501 seconds or 1: 52 min. While most high calorific content of only 2,913. So as to substitute alternative energy not so good according to SNI 1-6235-200. Keywords: Crude Oil, Biomass, Energy alternatives, rice straw, charcoal briquets. ABSTRAK Minyak bumi adalah energi yang tidak dapat diperbarui, sedangkan minyak masih menjadi pilihan utama sehingga akan mengakibatkan menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi. Salah satu energi yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian untuk dikembangkan adalah biomassa sebagai energi alternatif. Teknologi alternatif untuk memanfaatkan limbah biomassa adalah teknologi pembuatan arang dengan proses pirolisis. Briket arang dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif pengganti minyak tanah. Bahan baku pembuatan briket arang dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam bahan, misalnya jerami padi. Pada penelitian ini bahan yang digunakan adalah jerami padi bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel dankuat tekan terhadap nilai kalor dan lama waktu uji nyala dari briket arang jerami padi. Jerami padi merupakan bahan yang kurang begitu bagus untuk dijadikan bahan briket arang, sesuai dengan hasil penelitian nilai kalor tertinggi adalah 3,100 kal dan waktu uji nyala terlama yaitu 10501 detik atau 1: 52 menit. Sedangkan kadar kalor yang paling tinggi hanya 2.913. Sehingga untuk pengganti energi alternatif kurang begitu baik menurut SNI 1-6235-200. Kata Kunci : Minyak Bumi, Biomassa, Energi Alternatife, Jerami padi, Briket Arang.
Teknologi Pengawetan Bahan Pangan dengan Penambahan Asap Cair dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Sabut Kelapa Melalui Proses Pirolisis dan Redestilasi Horri, Muhammad; Eriawan, Rinandy; Anggraini, S.P. Abrina; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK Saat ini sebagian besar produk makanan dan makanan olahan akhir-akhir ini mengganggu masyarakat dalam penggunaan formalin sebagai bahan pengawet senyawa pengawet yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Masalah-masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan proses preservasi menggunakan asap cair. Industri asap cair adalah salah satu pemanfaatan limbah pertanian seperti batok kelapa dan sabut kelapa menjadi produk yang bernilai, dilakukan dengan mengondensasi asap yang terbentuk dari proses pirolisis dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian untuk memisahkan benzo (a) pyrene terkandung dalam asap cair. Benzo (a) pyrene adalah senyawa karsinogen yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan harus dikurangi atau dihilangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan benzo (a) pyrene menggunakan proses redestilasi untuk pemurnian asap cair. Kemudian untuk menentukan efek asap cair tempurung kelapa dan kulit menjadi bahan makanan. Dari proses pirolisis kemudian proses pemurnian asap cair kelas 3 dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan distilasi dan kolom pemanfaatan zeolit aktif dan karbon aktif kemudian hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan LC / MS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asap cair kelas 1 dari batok kelapa dan kulit tidak mengandung benzo (a) pyrene. Asap cair dari batok kelapa ini memiliki umur simpan yang lebih lama daripada asap cair dari kulit. Kata kunci : asap cair; pirolisis; kolom filtrasi; benzo (a) pyrene ABSTRACT Today most of the food products and processed food lately disturbing the public in theused of formaldehyde as a preservative compound foodstuffs which may endanger health. Those problems can be overcome by developing of the preservation process using liquid smoke. Manufacture of liquid smoke is one of the utilization of agricultural waste such as coconut shells and coconut husk into a valuable product, is done by condensing the smoke that is formed from the pyrolysis process and proceed with the purification process to separate benzo (a) pyrene contained in the liquid smoke. Benzo (a) pyrene is carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous to human health and should be reduced or eliminated. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of benzo (a) pyrene using redestilasi process for purification of liquid smoke. Then to determine the liquid smoke effect of coconut shell and husk to foodstuffs. From the pyrolysis process then purificationprocess of liquid smoke grade 3 is done by using distillation equipment and usingfiltration column of activated zeolite and activated carbon then the result is analyzed using LC / MS. Results of this study showed that liquid smoke grade 1 from coconut shells and husk are not contained benzo (a) pyrene. This liquid smoke from coconut shells has a longer shelf life than liquid smoke from husk. Keywords : liquid smoke, pyrolysis, filtration columns, benzo (a) pyrene
Evaluasi Penggunaan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa pada Konsentrasi dan Daya Simpan Ikan Segar Juniarti Nomleni , Endang Marlen ; Tolan , Blacius ; Abrina Anggraini , Sinar Perbawani ; Yuniningsih , Susy
Prosiding SENTIKUIN (Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri, Lingkungan dan Infrastruktur) Vol 1 (2018): PROSIDING SENTIKUIN
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (672.326 KB)

Abstract

Fish is one source of  food that contains lots of protein. In fish other than containing high protein also contains water which is high enough so that fish easily rot. There fore, it is necessary to take care to over come decay in order to maintain the quality of fish and extend the shelf life of fish without reducing the nutritional value oef fish. This handling can be done by giving liquid smoke where liquid smoke acts as an anti-microbial so that it can inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this research  is to fing out the use of liquid smoke as a natural preservative in fresh fish. The raw material used in this research is the coconut shell using the main tool of the pyrolysis reactor. Research  also used an experimental method with a variabel of 0-48 hours and concentration 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. Analysis using GC-MS with measured parameters is phenol, benzopirin levels, pH value and yield. The result of the research conducted the concentration of liquid smoke and optimum storage time when applied to fresh fish is the concentration of liquid smoke 2% with a storage time of 12 hours and a concentration of 4% with a storage time of 12 with phenol level of 5,78% and pH value 1,42.
Pemanfaatan Tongkol Jagung Dan Sekam Padi Menjadi Asap Cair Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis Elssy, Elisabeth ; Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani; Yuniningsih, Susy
Prosiding SENTIKUIN (Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri, Lingkungan dan Infrastruktur) Vol 1 (2018): PROSIDING SENTIKUIN
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (797.55 KB)

Abstract

Heat exchange causes cold water to change temperature where the cooling water temperature to rise because the resulting heat is carried by a fluid which is absorbed by the water. To overcome that we need some cooling to reduce the temperature of the water is by using a cooling tower. The goal is to find out and determine "the effect of adding a cooling tower to decrease the water temperature in the cooling bath steam distillation process of (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves ". Measure the temperature every 30 minutes after the distillate water dripping, and the process of repeated measurements simultaneously on a water bath cooler, condenser, cooling tower (cooling tower) and the distillate water. The process of measuring the temperature using a cooling tower with a water tank initial temperature was 270C with the old process for 3 hours. From this research can be concluded that: 1)At the time of the process without using an intermediary Cooling Tower For media water cooler during the 3 hour difference between 2-30C temperature rise to a maximum temperature ranging between 41-430C. 2) Cooling Tower Process using water as a cooling medium for 3 hours process, the maximum temperature ranges between 31-340C and the difference in temperature rise between 1-20C. 3)Comparison of the temperature of the process without the use of Cooling Tower and Cooling Tower using cooling water as its medium very different temperature difference is 34 : 430C with a temperature difference of 90C without using the Cooling Tower to use the Cooling Tower.
PENGOLAHAN SABUT KELAPA MENJADI ASAP CAIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES PIROLISIS Badin, Yoseph Ratu; Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani; Yuniningsih, Susy
eUREKA : Jurnal Penelitian Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.484 KB)

Abstract

Often on rubber, plantation, when rubber processing occurs things are harmfull to the surrounding community, which is when the freezing of the latex using formic acid so it still feels a pungent odor. In rubber processing can be argued that it is the low quality of rubber processing.Similarly, the problems that occurred in the wood industry, it was found that low-quality wood structure, very fragile and unstable so easily broken and easily attacked by termites. Technology liquid smoke can be utilized to overcome the above problems by using the raw material. The function of liquid smoke from coconut fiber as a natural preservative in industrial non-food such as wood industry and rubber plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of liquid smoke from coconut fiber Commonly, the processing of liquid smoke is consists of 3 phases: Preparation of phyrolysis process raw materials (cleaning, chopping, drying and weighing), Stages of process of pyrolysis (heating using a temperature of 150 ° C, heating time 5 hours), Stages of product analysis using GC/ MS Hewlett Packar Gc 6890 MSD 5973 which equipped by data base system Chesstation (phenol and acid compound) and a pH meter. The result of this study showed that the quantity of liquid smoke from coconut fiber is 32.35% and the quality of its liquid smoke is shown by 2.97% of phenol content ,6.8% of acidity and 2.62 of pH. Keywords: Coconut fiber, Pyrolysis, Condensation, Liquid smoke