Abdul Aziz, Norazlina
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Standard Clause Problems in E-Commerce Based on Indonesian Civil Law Hassanah, Hetty; Wahyudi, Wahyudi; Abdul Aziz, Norazlina
Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Vol 7 No 2 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25072/jwy.v7i2.4226

Abstract

Standard clauses are agreements determined by one party, usually a business actor. Standardized clauses are always part of e-commerce agreements, and this can be considered legal because it implements the principle of freedom of contract. This research aims to determine standard clauses in e-commerce in terms of civil law in Indonesia. The study is descriptive and utilizes normative juridical research through a legislative approach. Subsequently, secondary data collection techniques were employed using a literature review. The acquired data were then subjected to qualitative analysis. Based on the analysis in this research, it is known that standard clauses embody the principle of freedom of contract as regulated in Article 1338, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Law. However, they must still fulfill the legal requirements of the agreement as regulated in Article 1320 of the Code of Civil Law.
Harm ‘Ḍarar’ in Polygamous Marriage: Analyzing The Legal Framework in Malaysia and Indonesia Abdul Aziz, Norazlina; Abdullah, Rozlinda; Raden Roro, Fiska Silvia; Mat Hussin, Mohd Norhusairi
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v25i1.32068

Abstract

While polygamous marriages in Southeast Asia have been studied through various lenses, significant research gaps persist in understanding these practices within the Malaysian and Indonesian contexts. This study comparatively investigates the interpretation of ‘ḍarar shar’ī’, a requirement to contract a polygamous marriage in Malaysia and Indonesia. The study utilized doctrinal study on relevant legislation and case law accompanied by semi-structured interviews. The findings from the doctrinal study are supported by information acquired through semi-structured interviews with Sharia court judges in Malaysia that were selected using a purposive approach. The secondary data were assembled using the library research approach and later analyzed using the thematic and content analysis approach. This study discovers that Malaysia and Indonesia have minor differences in deliberating the concept of harm attached to polygamy application. This is attributed to the different conditions for allowing polygamy in both jurisdictions. The study also discovers that, unlike the other conditions of polygamy, the Syariah court has no specific guidelines in deliberating on the possibility of ḍarar shar’ī before it can grant permission to allow for polygamous marriage. Abstrak:Meskipun perkawinan poligami di Asia Tenggara telah dikaji melalui berbagai sudut pandang, masih terdapat kesenjangan penelitian yang signifikan dalam memahami praktik-praktik ini dalam konteks Malaysia dan Indonesia. Artikel ini mengkaji secara komparatif tentang penafsiran ‘ḍarar shar’ī’ sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memasuki pernikahan poligami di Malaysia dan Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk membuat pedoman tentang penafsiran hukum atas konsep ‘ḍarar shar’ī’. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode kualitatif yang memanfaatkan studi doktrinal dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Temuan dari studi doktrinal didukung oleh informasi yang diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan hakim pengadilan Syariah di Malaysia yang dipilih dengan menggunakan pendekatan purposif. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik dan isi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Malaysia dan Indonesia memiliki sedikit perbedaan dalam mempertimbangkan konsep kerugian yang melekat pada penerapan poligami. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kondisi yang berbeda untuk membolehkan poligami di kedua yurisdiksi. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak seperti kondisi poligami lainnya, pengadilan syariah gagal dalam mempertimbangkan kemungkinan ‘ḍarar shar’ī’ sebelum dapat memberikan izin untuk mengizinkan pernikahan poligami.
Interfaith Marriage Among Muslims in Singapore Mat Hussin, Mohd Norhusairi; Binte Salihudin, Nur Haleemah; Samudin, Siti Aisyah; Risma Nur Arifah; Abdul Aziz, Norazlina; Malee, Zunairah
al-'adalah Vol 22 No 1 (2025): Al-'Adalah
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v22i1.23667

Abstract

A new phenomenon happening in Singapore among Muslims is currently on interfaith marriage. This phenomenon has become a trend among Muslims as there is a written law in Singapore, expressly the Women's Charter, that allows marriage between Muslims and non-Muslims, which is not in line with Islamic law. Similarly, no provision in the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 (AMLA) specifically prohibits Muslims in Singapore from registering their marriage under Civil law with a non- Muslim spouse. This article is written to look into the factors contributing to the increase in this type of marriage, and highlight the role of the Muslim law in Singapore in relation to such marriages. The research adopts a qualitative method integrating the library and field research. The methods used are descriptive and thematic interview analysis. As a result, the writers conclude that the leading cause of the increase in interfaith marriage is the absence of Muslim law prohibiting interfaith marriage and the minimal adverse impact of such marriage. Realistically, there are contextual challenges to establish and execute a new Syariah law that prohibits the interfaith marriage among Muslims in Singapore. Therefore, this study discusses the factors contributing to the increase in Civil marriage among Muslims in Singapore and the reasons behind the absence of Muslim law prohibiting the marriage. Keywords: Singapore Syariah Law, Singapore Muslim Law, Interfaith Marriage, Interreligious Marriage.
Harm ‘Ḍarar’ In Polygamous Marriage: Analyzing The Legal Framework in Malaysia and Indonesia Abdul Aziz, Norazlina; Abdullah, Rozlinda; Roro, Fiska Silvia Raden; Hussin, Mohd Norhusairi Mat
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v25i1.32068

Abstract

While polygamous marriages in Southeast Asia have been studied through various lenses, significant research gaps persist in understanding these practices within the Malaysian and Indonesian contexts. This study comparatively investigates the interpretation of ‘ḍarar shar’ī’, a requirement to contract a polygamous marriage in Malaysia and Indonesia. The study utilized doctrinal study on relevant legislation and case law accompanied by semi-structured interviews. The findings from the doctrinal study are supported by information acquired through semi-structured interviews with Sharia court judges in Malaysia that were selected using a purposive approach. The secondary data were assembled using the library research approach and later analyzed using the thematic and content analysis approach. This study discovers that Malaysia and Indonesia have minor differences in deliberating the concept of harm attached to polygamy application. This is attributed to the different conditions for allowing polygamy in both jurisdictions. The study also discovers that, unlike the other conditions of polygamy, the Syariah court has no specific guidelines in deliberating on the possibility of ḍarar shar’ī before it can grant permission to allow for polygamous marriage.    Abstrak Meskipun perkawinan poligami di Asia Tenggara telah dipelajari melalui berbagai sudut pandang, masih terdapat kesenjangan penelitian yang signifikan dalam memahami praktik-praktik ini dalam konteks Malaysia dan Indonesia. Artikel ini mengkaji secara komparatif tentang penafsiran ‘ḍarar syar’ī’ sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memasuki pernikahan poligami di Malaysia dan Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk membuat pedoman tentang penafsiran hukum atas konsep ‘ḍarar syar’ī’. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode kualitatif yang memanfaatkan studi doktrinal dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Temuan dari studi doktrinal didukung oleh informasi yang diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan hakim pengadilan Syariah di Malaysia yang dipilih dengan menggunakan pendekatan purposive. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik dan isi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Malaysia dan Indonesia memiliki sedikit perbedaan dalam mempertimbangkan konsep kerugian yang melekat pada penerapan poligami. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kondisi yang berbeda untuk membolehkan poligami di kedua yurisdiksi. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak seperti kondisi poligami lainnya, pengadilan Syariah gagal dalam mempertimbangkan kemungkinan ‘ḍarar syar’ī’ sebelum dapat memberikan izin untuk mengizinkan pernikahan poligami.