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All Journal International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Luares, Mia A.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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Multi-Objective Taguchi Optimization of Electrospinning Parameters for the Development of Poly-(vinyl alcohol)/Waste Wooden Utensil Nanocellulose/Phycocyanin Electrospun Fibers Vergel De Dios, Tabitha P.; Luares, Mia A.; Arboleda, Will; Calibara, Myiesha Dane C.; Estrellado, John Ray C.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.06.31

Abstract

The lack of widespread commercial repurposing and recycling of waste wooden utensils contribute to pollution and toxic waste in the environment. This study aims to develop a sustainable method of repurposing waste wooden utensils into mechanically-robust electrospun fibers. Waste wooden utensil nanocellulose (WUNC) was produced using delignification, bleaching, and hydrolysis. Polymer mixtures consisting of 10% poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), WUNC, and the pigment-protein complex phycocyanin (PC) were prepared for electrospinning following the Taguchi robust optimization design. Three parameters, namely WUNC addition (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g./100 g), PC addition (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g./100 g), and electrospinning voltage (25, 27.5, 30 kV), were varied to optimize loading capacity and tensile strength. Results showed WUNC addition of 0.2 g./100 g., PC addition of 0.3 g./100 g., and voltage of 25 kV optimal for loading capacity, with PC addition having the highest contribution at 44.54%. WUNC addition of 0.3 g./100 g., PC addition of 0.1 g./100 g., and voltage of 30 kV optimized tensile strength, with WUNC addition having the highest contribution at 57.99%. Produced WUNC resulted in a nanocellulose yield of approximately 16.81% with FTIR spectra revealing the removal of lignin and hemicellulose and increase of cellulose crystallinity. FTIR spectra for the electrospun fibers indicate successful integration of all components in the electrospun fibers. SEM analyses confirmed the creation of electrospun fibers within the nanosize range. Results confirmed the viability to extract nanocellulose and synthesize fibers from waste wooden utensils for enhancement of electrospun mats quality for biomedical applications, and offer new knowledge on wood-based nanomaterials.
Nanocellulose and Phycocyanin as Viable Additives for Electrospun Fibers: A Review of Functional Properties, Electrospinning Parameters, and Physicochemical Characterization De Dios, Tabitha P. Vergel; Luares, Mia A.; Calibara, Myiesha Dane C.; Arboleda, Samuel Nelson G.; Estrellado, John Ray C.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 8 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.08.08

Abstract

This literature review aims to highlight the developments and future directions in the use of nanocellulose and phycocyanin as electrospinning additives for biomedical applications, specifically in wound healing. Nanocellulose, a cellulose derivative known for its surface area, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility, is proposed as a sustainable alternative to enhancers of mechanical properties. Phycocyanin, a blue pigment from cyanobacteria, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which may potentially enhance the performance of nanocellulose. The combination of the two components in electrospun fibers demonstrates significant promise for effective wound healing applications. However, progress is limited by the scarcity of experimental studies integrating both materials. One of the future directions of the study is improving the stability and shelf-life of phycocyanin within nanofibers, including approaches such as encapsulation and protective coatings. Scaling and manufacturing challenges, including high energy consumption and harsh chemical treatments in nanocellulose extraction, as well as the parameters of electrospinning, need to be addressed to enable mainstream commercialization. Further exploration of sustainable and purely physical extraction methods for nanocellulose is also critical for environmentally friendly alternatives to process scale-up and intensification.
Co-Authors Arboleda, Samuel Nelson G. Arboleda, Will Calibara, Myiesha Dane C. De Dios, Tabitha P. Vergel Estrellado, John Ray C. Vergel De Dios, Tabitha P.