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All Journal Reaktor JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Syam, Azhari Muhammad
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Characterization and Effect of NaOH/ZnCl2 Chemical Activation on Nickel-Impregnated Activated Carbon for Biofuel Azzahra, Balqis Ayu; Syam, Azhari Muhammad; Muhammad, Muhammad
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June, 2025)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v20i1.43583

Abstract

The global energy crisis, driven by dwindling fossil fuel reserves and surging energy demand, necessitates a sustainable solution. Therefore, this research aimed to develop sugarcane molasses-based activated carbon as a support for nickel (Ni) catalysts to increase the efficiency of bio-oil conversion into biofuels. In these processes, activated carbon was produced by the dehydrogenation process of sugarcane molasses followed by the wet impregnation method using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) activating agents. The analysis results showed that sugarcane molasses was effectively converted into activated carbon with optimal catalyst-loading properties. Based on the results of SEM-EDS and BET analysis, the activated carbon has a surface area with type III (IUPAC) indicating the presence of mesopores. Additionally, the use of the reflux process with Ni catalyst successfully converted coffee shell pyrolysis oil into hydrazine-based biofuel on the SMNa sample and heptadecane on the SMZn sample. The highest yield, 73.6% was found on SMZn. This research shows the great potential of sugarcane molasses as a raw material for the production of environmentally friendly biofuels while providing economic added value to biomass waste. These results will contribute to biomass energy conversion efforts in Indonesia.
Catalytic cracking of pyrolytic oil derived from arabica coffee parchment using Ni-NZ catalysts Nisa, Syarifah Rahimatun; Setiawan, Adi; Syam, Azhari Muhammad; Rahmawati, Cut Aja; Rizkina, Shafira
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Abstract

The potential of bio-oil derived from biomass has garnered significant attention among researchers due to its prospects as an environmentally friendly fuel alternative. This study utilized bio-oil extracted from Arabica coffee parchment sourced from coffee plantations in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. Nickel metal was used as a catalyst impregnated into natural zeolites to accelerate the reaction rate in the catalytic cracking method. The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation method, with natural zeolites first activated using 1 N HCl. During the impregnation process, stirring was conducted for 6 hours at 25 °C, followed by drying in an oven at 115 °C for 12 hours, and calcination at 500°C for 4 hours. The resulting catalyst was then characterized using TGA, XRD, and SEM analyses to determine the optimal catalyst properties. Based on XRD analysis across various concentrations, curves were observed at angles 2θ ≈ 37° and 44°, which are presumed to be peaks of nickel catalysts on the zeolite surface. In this study, the Ni-NZ catalyst concentration was varied to 15%, 20%, and 25% (w/w). GC-MS chromatogram results indicated that the highest formation of bio-benzene occurred at a 25% catalyst concentration with a residence time of 2 hours, yielding 9.28%. The findings suggest that Ni-NZ catalysts are technically capable of producing aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolytic oil of coffee parchment, which can be utilized as a biofuel component
Co-Authors Adi Setiawan Azzahra, Balqis Ayu Cut Aja Rahmawati Muhammad Muhammad Nisa, Syarifah Rahimatun Rizkina, Shafira