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All Journal Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies International Journal of Digital Marketing Science
Haron, Nazatul Faizah
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Role of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Sea Rescue Operations in the Mediterranean: Legal Challenges and International Obligations Zreik, Mohamad; Haron, Nazatul Faizah
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Protecting People Crossing Border in The Context of International Migration La
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2025.012.01.03

Abstract

Since 2015, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has played a crucial role in conducting search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea, rescuing migrants and refugees fleeing conflict, poverty, and persecution in regions like North Africa and the Middle East. MSF’s humanitarian missions, aimed at saving lives, have often been met with criticism and legal challenges from European authorities, who accuse NGOs of encouraging illegal migration. This paper examines the legal complexities surrounding MSF's sea rescue operations, focusing on the tension between humanitarian obligations and state sovereignty. The analysis includes a review of international law of the sea, the principle of non-refoulement under the 1951 Refugee Convention, human rights law, and European Union migration and asylum regulations. By analyzing MSF’s legal battles, this paper explores the intersection of humanitarian action and state control over borders, illustrating the moral and legal dilemmas posed by these missions.
Examining the Role of Oil and Non-Oil Revenues, and Oil Price Fluctuations on Economic Growth in African Oil Exporting Countries Gaballa, Farag khalifa; Haron, Nazatul Faizah
International Journal of Digital Marketing Science Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijdms.v2i2.1216

Abstract

This study investigates the complex relationships between oil revenues, non-oil revenues, oil price fluctuations, and economic growth in African oil-exporting countries. Targeting Nigeria, Angola, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt, the research analyzed a comprehensive dataset spanning 1970-2023 using advanced second-generation panel econometric techniques. The cross-sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model examined the long-run and short-run dynamics of economic growth determinants. The sample comprised five leading African oil-producing countries, with data sourced from the World Bank Development Database. Results demonstrated significant positive relationships between GDP and oil revenue, non-oil revenue, oil prices, capital, and labor. The research revealed the critical importance of economic diversification, human capital investment, and strategic revenue management in driving sustainable economic growth. The study offers substantial implications for policymakers, economists, and development practitioners by providing insights into economic transformation mechanisms in resource-dependent economies. It contributes to resource economics literature by offering empirical evidence of complex economic interactions in African contexts. The originality of the research lies in its comprehensive approach, innovative methodological techniques, and detailed exploration of economic growth dynamics in African oil-exporting countries.
Co-Authors Gaballa, Farag khalifa Zreik, Mohamad