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Five-Factor Authentication System with a Track and Trace Capability for Online Banking Platforms Moepi, Glen; Mathonsi, Topside E.
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v14i3.4830

Abstract

Online banking is a rapidly growing customer service platform, but increasing cyber threats require constant security improvements. This study developed an enhanced Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) scheme with track-and-trace capabilities to mitigate risks. The proposed system includes five authentication modalities: username, password, PIN, OTP, biometrics (fingerprint or facial scan), registered smart devices, and a time-locked user location. A major feature is its ability to detect suspicious activities and send alerts via secretly obtained photos and location triangulation. Using design science methodology, three prototype schemes were developed and compared with First National Bank (FNB) and Standard Bank (STD) security systems. Evaluated with Datadog and AppDynamics APM tools, the best prototype achieved 80% security, slightly below FNB and STD’s 90%. It matched them in resource efficiency and outperformed them in response time, averaging 500 milliseconds compared to FNB’s 700 ms and STD’s 1000 ms.
Fusion-based Intelligent Congestion Management algorithm for on-road traffic in smart cities Tshilongamulenzhe, Ndivhuho; P. Du Plessis, Deon; Mathonsi, Topside E.
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v14i3.4845

Abstract

The concept of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has garnered significant global attention due to their wide range of applications. According to the IEEE 802.11 standard, WSNs are wireless networks consisting of sensor nodes (SNs) that interconnect via wireless communication links. These SNs are capable of sensing, processing, and wirelessly transmitting data, even in challenging environments. WSNs are primarily utilized for communication in various domains, including smart cities, healthcare, residential areas, and military applications. However, the deployment of WSNs in environments such as smart cities come with some challenges, particularly traffic congestion. Traffic congestion in smart cities, particularly during peak hours, is often caused by a high volume of vehicles traveling at the same time, resulting in delays, accidents, and inefficiencies under various weather conditions, including sunny and rainy days. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel algorithm called the Fusion-based Intelligent Congestion Management (FICM) algorithm, developed through the integration of the Navigation Reference Spatial Data (NRSD) algorithm and Fusion-based Multimodal Abnormal Detection (FMAD) algorithm. The objective of FICM is to mitigate on-road traffic congestion within smart cities effectively. The algorithm’s performance was evaluated using Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) by comparing its effectiveness with the NRSD and FMAD algorithms. Under sunny weather conditions, the NS-3 simulation results revealed that the FICM algorithm achieved an average False Alarm Rate (FAR) of 0.83%, a Mean Time to Detection (MTTD) of 76.0%, and a Detection Rate (DR) of 84.3%, outperforming both the NRSD and FMAD algorithms. Similarly, under rainy weather conditions, the FICM algorithm demonstrated an average FAR of 14.09%, an MTTD of 57.03%, and a DR of 78.04%, surpassing the performance of the NRSD and FMAD algorithms within the smart city environment.
A Real-time Internet of Things-Based Wireless Livestock Tracking System for Theft Prevention Sandlana, Muzi; Mathonsi, Topside E.; Deon du Plessis; Tu, Chunling
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v14i3.4910

Abstract

Livestock theft is a significant threat to the agricultural industry, necessitating innovative preventive strategies. This study proposes a Wireless Livestock Tracking System (WLTS) that uses real-time Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to prevent livestock theft. The WLTS integrates GPS sensors with Long Range Radio (LoRa) wireless communication modules, overcoming the limitations of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-based systems. It uses a single LoRa network receiver to facilitate real-time communication between farmers and their livestock. Simulation results show the WLTS effectively mitigates livestock theft, enabling farmers to quickly identify and recover stolen animals. Geofencing alerts enhance the system's sensitivity to potential theft scenarios. The WLTS has a user-friendly interface, allowing farmers to remotely monitor their livestock. Data analytics capabilities enable predictive analysis of probable theft trends based on historical data. The findings pave the way for practical implementation, revolutionizing livestock protection and safeguarding farmers' livelihoods worldwide.
Enhanced Security Algorithm for Detecting Distributed Denial of Services Attacks in Cloud Computing Baloyi, Coster; Mathonsi, Topside E.; Plessis, Deon Du; Tshilongamulenzhe, Tshimangadzo
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v14i4.4888

Abstract

Cloud Computing has the benefit of offering on-demand scalable services to its customers without having to invest much on hardware infrastructure, resources and software. Most private and public sectors are moving to the Cloud. As a result, Cloud Computing has become an ideal option due to its flexibility, scalability and cost efficiency. The existence of vulnerabilities in the network systems hosting Cloud have raised an opportunity for attackers to launch attacks in Cloud Computing. The intruders attack business applications such as webservers, financial servers, and other servers exploiting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This paper proposed a Real-Time Network Traffic Attack Detection (RTNTAD) algorithm to detect DDoS attacks using real-time dataset to mitigate DDoS attacks. MATLAB was employed to evaluate the performance of RTNTAD. The proposed RTNTAD algorithm has achieved 99.2% detection rate, 99.5% classification of DDoS attacks, 0.9% connectivity time out and less than 18% false positive.
Enhanced Detection of IoT-Based DoS Attacks Using A Hybrid ANN-RF Classification Model Ndaba, Solomon Bulelani; Mathonsi, Topside E.; Plessis, Deon Du
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v14i4.4965

Abstract

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the integrity and availability of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where interconnected devices are increasingly targeted due to their vulnerabilities. These attacks overwhelm systems with excessive traffic, disrupting legitimate services and potentially compromising sensitive data. Traditional detection methods often rely on predefined signatures, which struggle to keep pace with the evolving tactics employed by attackers. This study introduces a novel hybrid detection algorithm that integrates Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers, termed ANN-RF, to enhance the detection of DoS attacks in IoT environments. The ANN-RF model was evaluated based on critical performance metrics, including detection accuracy, False Positive Rate (FPR), and latency. Experimental results obtained through MATLAB demonstrate that the ANN-RF model achieves a detection accuracy of 93% and a low FPR of 5% when detecting 30 attacks, significantly outperforming standalone ANN and RF models, which recorded accuracies of 82% and 87%, and FPRs of 15% and 10%, respectively. Additionally, the ANN-RF model consistently maintains high detection accuracy, reducing false alarms and enhancing reliability as the number of attacks increases. Thus, the proposed ANN-RF model has strong potential to enhance real-time security in IoT networks by offering a scalable, accurate, and adaptive solution for DoS attack detection, with practical applications across domains such as smart homes, healthcare, and industrial control systems.