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Desain Pengiriman Data Gambar Menggunakan Gelombang Cahaya Tampak dengan Sel Surya Sebagai Detektor Cahaya Wahid, Rendy M.; Ariani, Menik; Adnan, Assaidah
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.4.387-393.2025

Abstract

Visible Light Communication research that sends image data has not been widely published. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an experiment on sending image data from a camera connected to an Arduino where the module process is run. In this study, image transmission uses pulse-width-modulation (PWM), namely 2-PWM and 4-PWM. On the transmitter side, it consists of an OV2640 camera sensor, laser and Arduino Uno R3 while on the receiver side it consists of a solar panel and Arduino Uno R3. A push button is used as a trigger to take a picture by the camera; the image file will be converted by Arduino into binary; the binary will be modulated by the frequency of the red laser that emits pulses to the solar panel. The solar panel will forward the signal to Arduino to be modulated back into the original binary. Binary data will be processed into image data back offline using a computer. The system can work at a maximum distance of 8 m when using the 2-PWM module technique and a maximum of 6 m when using 4-PWM. The size of the system performance is calculated from the bit-error-ratio (BER) value based on the binary data received at the receiver.
Implementasi Smart Irrigation System berbasis Komunikasi ESP-NOW dan Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) di Sawah Area Sumatera Selatan Azzahra, Ayu Kirani; Huwaida, Junita Insyirah Nur; Ariani, Menik; Adnan, Assaidah
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.6.606-613.2025

Abstract

A Smart Irrigation System has been designed and implemented utilizing the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method and ultrasonic sensors to assist farmers in monitoring and maintaining the water level in rice fields to ensure it is at the level required by rice plants. This system sends a WhatsApp notification if the water level exceeds 15 cm above ground level. The ultrasonic sensor calibration results show an R2 value of 1.0, indicating that the sensor has met the linearity standard. Laboratory testing was conducted by varying three water conditions: below ground level 15 cm; exactly 15 cm above ground level; or more than 15 cm from ground level. Communication between the sender and receiver uses the ESP-NOW protocol. The results show that the sender successfully instructs the solenoid valve to open the tap when the water level is below 15 cm so that water can flow and close it again when the water level reaches 15 cm. There is a 7-second delay when the solenoid opens due to the Normally Closed (NC) type which requires high voltage and current. When the water level exceeds 15 cm above ground level, the system successfully sends a notification to the farmer (user) to drain the water from the field. Field tests in rice fields showed that the water level measurement of 25 cm was in accordance with the reference measuring instrument and successfully provided an accurate warning for farmers to turn on the pump so that the water level returned to the ideal status.