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Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. as a strategy for modulation of non-comorbid obesity: A systematic meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of randomized controlled trials Lele, Juan AJMN.; Sihaloho, Karlos B.; Vighneswara, Dewa; Rampengan , Derren DCH.; Rizqiansyah, Chrisandi Y.; Permatasari, Happy K.; Mayulu, Nelly; Tallei, Trina E.; Taslim, Nurpudji A.; Kim, Bonglee; Kezia, Immanuelle; Nurkolis, Fahrul; Syahputra, Rony A.
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i2.1562

Abstract

Given the high prevalence of obesity worldwide, effective therapeutic strategies are crucial to prevent and manage obesity-related health conditions. Existing studies indicate that Lactobacillus sp. showed beneficial effects on body weight and adiposity by modifying the gut microbiota; however, no meta-analysis has been conducted assessing the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp-based probiotics on anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin levels, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus sp. in obese individuals without comorbidities. A systematic search was conducted on November 28, 2024, using five databases: PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist and hip circumferences, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, and total body fat content. Secondary outcomes included alterations in leptin and adiponectin levels, gut microbiota composition, and the incidence of adverse events. A total of 1,058 individuals were included across 12 clinical trials. Significant reductions were observed in BMI (mean difference (MD): -0.40 kg/m²; 95%CI: -0.48–(-0.32), p<0.00001), body weight (MD: -1.16 kg; 95%CI: -1.79–(-0.53), p=0.0003), waist circumference (MD: -1.41 cm; 95%CI: -1.75–(-1.08), p<0.00001), and hip circumference (MD: -0.85 cm; 95%CI: -1.09–(-0.61), p<0.00001) compared to controls. Additionally, compared to control group, significant reductions were observed in visceral and subcutaneous fat mass (MD: -7.35; 95%CI: -9.95–(-4.75); p<0.00001) and overall body fat (MD: -1.11; 95%CI: -1.31–(-0.91); p<0.00001). Leptin levels significantly decreased (MD: -2.11 μg/mL; 95%CI: -3.59–(-0.64), p=0.005) compared to before Lactobacillus sp. supplementation, while adiponectin levels increased (MD: 0.71 μg/mL; 95%CI: 0.22–1.20, p=0.004) following Lactobacillus sp. supplementation compared to placebo group. No significant adverse events were reported in either the intervention or control groups. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. probiotic supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy to enhance obesity management in non-comorbid obese individuals.
Ecological study on child nutrition in Indonesia: National urban–rural patterns and local-level variation Qanita, Intan; Abshori, Nuril F.; Rampengan, Derren DCH.; Ramadhan, Roy; Adji, Arga S.; Nurkolis, Fahrul; Al-Abdullah, Hatem B.; Al-Dubai, Sami A.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.235

Abstract

Indonesia continues to face a double burden of malnutrition, characterized by persistent undernutrition and a growing prevalence of overweight among children. Although urban children typically show lower rates of stunting and underweight, emerging evidence indicates rising obesity due to unhealthy behavior. At the same time, national indicators may mask substantial heterogeneity at the provincial and district levels. This study aimed to compare urban–rural disparities in child nutrition and maternal care at the national level and examines intra-provincial variation that may be obscured by aggregated statistics. An ecological analysis was conducted using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey. Urban–rural differences were evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and Chi-square tests. Sub-provincial analyses were undertaken in selected districts of Central Java and South Sulawesi to assess patterns of variation across smaller administrative units. At the national level, urban children exhibited lower odds of severe underweight (OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.75–0.81), underweight (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.80–0.84), and stunting (OR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.75–0.78). In contrast, they had higher odds of being at risk of overweight (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.31–1.40) and of consuming unhealthy foods (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.19–1.25). Rural areas showed poorer dietary diversity and lower coverage of antenatal care. District-level analyses revealed marked contrasts, where in Central Java, Magelang Municipality had lower odds of severe underweight than Surakarta and Tegal Municipalities. Meanwhile, in South Sulawesi, Makassar Municipality performed better than Pare-pare Municipality but still lagged behind Tana Toraja. These intra-provincial patterns suggest that urban residence does not uniformly confer nutritional advantage. Significant inequities persist not only between urban and rural populations but also across districts within the same province. Smaller cities with stronger health service access, such as Magelang Municipality, tend to show better child nutrition outcomes.