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The Analysis Study of Yoga and Cognitive in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis Pretika Prameswari; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/ej9z7f37

Background: Yoga practices, focusing on mindfulness and meditation, have been found to positively impact cognitive function in older adults. These practices improve physical health, balance, flexibility, and cardiovascular function, while also promoting brain plasticity, neurogenesis, and stress-induced damage. The social aspect of yoga classes may also reduce isolation, thereby reducing cognitive decline. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research on the effects of yoga on cognitive function in older adults. Method: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, focusing solely on full-text articles published in English between 2014 and 2024. To ensure the inclusion of high-quality, peer-reviewed sources, editorial pieces and review articles lacking a DOI were excluded. A comprehensive literature search was carried out across several reputable databases, including ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and SagePub, to identify pertinent studies that met the inclusion criteria. Result: The initial database search yielded over 1,000 relevant publications on the topic. Following a rigorous three-stage screening process, eight studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were selected for in-depth analysis. Each study underwent a comprehensive critical evaluation, enabling a thorough examination of the relationship between psoriasis and hypertension. This systematic approach ensured that the analysis was grounded in high-quality evidence, closely aligned with the study's objectives, and capable of providing meaningful insights into this complex association. Conclusion: Yoga has been found to have beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults, although methodological limitations and inconsistencies in intervention design need further investigation. Further research is needed to determine the true efficacy of yoga in promoting cognitive health among this age group.

Analysis Study of Geriatric Syndrome and Frailty Prevalence in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Pretika Prameswari; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/swz60349

Background: Geriatric syndromes and frailty are major public health concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in aging populations worldwide. Frailty is a multifactorial condition characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors, leading to higher risks of morbidity, functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of frailty in older adults, as well as the effectiveness of various interventions in mitigating its impact. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases to identify studies assessing frailty and geriatric syndromes. Studies were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria, and data were extracted for pooled analysis. Results: The findings indicate that frailty prevalence varies widely across different populations and is strongly associated with advanced age, comorbidities, malnutrition, and sedentary lifestyles. The pooled odds ratio for frailty versus robustness was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.16–0.18, p < 0.00001), indicating a strong negative association, with frail individuals being significantly more vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 100%), likely due to variations in frailty assessment tools, study populations, and geographic settings. Frailty prevalence ranged from 9.4% in rural Malaysia to 47.1% in Botswana, reflecting socioeconomic and healthcare disparities. Common risk factors included advanced age, female gender, chronic diseases, physical inactivity, and malnutrition. Conclusion: Addressing geriatric syndromes and frailty requires a holistic, multidisciplinary approach integrating early detection, prevention, and individualized interventions. Public health strategies and policy reforms should prioritize frailty screening, community-based support, and interdisciplinary care coordination to enhance the well-being of older adults and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. Future research should focus on optimizing frailty management strategies and evaluating long-term outcomes in diverse populations.

How Do Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Approaches Impact Functional Status And Quality Of Life For Older Adults With Multiple Geriatric Syndromes? Dodi Novriadi; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/m656qp44

Introduction: The global aging population has led to an increased prevalence of multiple geriatric syndromes such as frailty, multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, and functional decline. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, multidisciplinary diagnostic process designed to evaluate medical, psychological, and functional capabilities of older adults to develop coordinated treatment and follow-up plans. CGA aims to improve functional status, quality of life (QoL), and reduce adverse outcomes like falls and hospital readmissions. Methods: This systematic review analyzed studies involving older adults aged 65 years and above, focusing on CGA interventions compared to standard care. Data were extracted from randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted in various healthcare settings including hospitals, community, and ambulatory units. Functional status and QoL outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and EQ-5D. Results: CGA interventions demonstrated significant improvements in physical function, with SPPB scores increasing by up to 3.18 points at six months post-intervention. Quality of life measures also showed positive changes in both physical and mental health domains. Secondary outcomes included reductions in falls, frailty scores, and improvements in nutritional status and depressive symptoms. Discussion: The evidence supports CGA as an effective approach to managing complex health needs in older adults. Despite resource requirements, CGA offers long-term benefits by enhancing functional independence and overall well-being. Integration of tele-rehabilitation and digital monitoring may further improve accessibility and efficiency. Conclusion: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment significantly improves functional status and quality of life in elderly populations. Continued efforts to standardize CGA protocols and train multidisciplinary teams are essential to maximize its global impact.

What Are The Most Effective Non-Pharmacological Interventions For Preventing Osteoporosis And Sarcopenia In Adults Over 65 Years Old? Calista Giovani; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 17 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/e6em4w32

Introduction: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are prevalent conditions among older adults, particularly those over 65, leading to increased fracture risk and functional decline. Understanding effective non-pharmacological strategies for prevention is crucial as the global population ages. This study evaluates the efficacy of exercise and dietary modifications in preventing these conditions. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on randomized controlled trials that evaluated non-pharmacological interventions in adults aged 65 and older. Eligible studies were screened for their focus on primary prevention, intervention type, and outcome measures related to bone mineral density, muscle mass, and physical performance. Results: A total of 39 studies were included, revealing that high-intensity resistance training significantly improved bone mineral density and muscle strength. Nutritional interventions, particularly protein supplementation, enhanced the effects of exercise on muscle mass and functional performance. Multicomponent exercise programs integrating balance, aerobic, and resistance training also showed positive outcomes in reducing fall risk. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of structured exercise programs and dietary modifications in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Community-based interventions demonstrated higher adherence rates, while home-based programs offered flexibility for older adults. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly high-intensity resistance training combined with dietary support, are effective strategies for preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults. Future research should focus on enhancing long-term adherence to these interventions to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.

How Do Medication Management Interventions Reduce Polypharmacy- Related Risks In Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions? Calista Giovani; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 17 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/20sx4161

Introduction: Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of five or more medications, is prevalent among older adults with multiple chronic conditions, increasing the risk of adverse drug events and diminished quality of life. Addressing these risks through effective medication management has become a critical healthcare priority. Methods: This systematic review evaluated 40 studies, primarily randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on medication management interventions such as structured medication reviews, deprescribing protocols, and electronic decision support systems. The inclusion criteria targeted older adults aged 65 years and above, taking five or more medications. Results: The review revealed that medication management interventions significantly reduced the number of medications and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Notably, 10 out of 14 studies reported a decrease in medication counts, and 5 out of 8 studies showed reductions in PIMs. Clinical benefits included improved quality-adjusted life years and fewer hospital admissions. Discussion: A multidisciplinary approach, involving pharmacists, physicians, and nurses, was essential for the success of these interventions. The integration of technology and patient-centered strategies enhanced medication adherence and safety. However, challenges such as time constraints and resource intensity hindered broader implementation. Conclusion: Medication management interventions effectively reduce polypharmacy-related risks in older adults. Continued focus on multidisciplinary collaboration, technology integration, and addressing implementation barriers is crucial for optimizing medication safety and health outcomes.

How Do Early Screening Interventions For Frailty Impact The Prevention Of Delirium In Older Adult Patients? Calista Giovani; Yudhi Hajianto Nugroho; Mutia Juliana
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 17 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/57w91833

Introduction: Frailty and delirium are common and interrelated conditions affecting older adults, especially those undergoing hospitalization or surgery. Early screening for frailty has been proposed as a strategy to identify vulnerable patients and implement preventive measures to reduce the incidence of delirium. Methods: This review analyzed interventional studies published within the last decade that assessed the impact of early frailty screening combined with individualized care plans on delirium prevention in older adults. Studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and prospective interventions involving patients aged 65 years or older across various healthcare settings. Frailty screening tools and delirium assessment methods were evaluated alongside intervention timing and types. Results: Multiple studies demonstrated significant reductions in delirium incidence following early frailty screening and targeted interventions. For example, delirium rates decreased from 10.0% to 3.3% in vascular surgery patients after geriatric comanagement, and from 29.2% to 11.3% in colorectal surgery patients receiving comprehensive geriatric assessment. Interventions ranged from preoperative cognitive exercises and multimodal prehabilitation to in-hospital multidisciplinary care models. Some studies reported improved functional and cognitive outcomes, while a few noted no significant changes in longer-term results. Discussion: Early frailty screening enables proactive identification of at-risk older adults, facilitating the delivery of personalized, multidisciplinary interventions that effectively reduce delirium incidence. The timing of intervention—particularly preoperative assessments—plays a crucial role in optimizing outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized care plans are common success factors. However, challenges such as patient non-compliance, small sample sizes, and external factors like the COVID-19 pandemic may limit effectiveness in some contexts. Conclusion: Early screening for frailty combined with tailored, multidisciplinary care is an effective approach to delirium prevention in older adults. Continued research is needed to refine screening tools, intervention protocols, and implementation strategies to enhance patient outcomes and broaden applicability across healthcare settings.

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