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A Critical Genealogy of Rulership, Abuse, and Institutional Counterbalance in the Islamic Caliphates Anam, A'azliansyah Farizil; Biçer, Beytullah
An-Nur International Journal of Islamic Thought Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): AIJIT-JUNE
Publisher : Yayasan Pesantren Mahasiswa An-Nur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62032/aijit.v3i1.93

Abstract

This article challenges conventional debates on Islam and human rights, often focusing on doctrinal compatibility. It argues that a more robust and universal human rights framework must be grounded not in idealized historical traditions, but in a pragmatic acknowledgment of the historical reality of state-sponsored abuse. Employing a critical-historical and genealogical method, this study analyzes primary Islamic sources—including historical chronicles and legal treatises—to reconstruct the political history of governance, dissent, and violence from the pre-Islamic period through the classical caliphates. The findings reveal a profound dissonance between the theoretical ideal of the "just ruler" and the statistical reality, in which over 94% of caliphs and sultans were unjust by the tradition's standards. This history of abuse, however, paradoxically fostered the emergence of crucial institutional counterbalances, most notably an independent scholarly class (ʿUlamāʾ) that served as a moral and legal check on executive power. This study concludes that the most vital lesson from Islamic political history is the necessity of empowering such durable checks on power, shifting the focus from creating a perfect government to constraining the inevitable transgressions of an imperfect one.
Reinterpreting Coercive Begging in Islam through the Tafsir of Wahbah al-Zuḥaili Anam, A'azliansyah Farizil; Maram, Ahmad Nabilul; Nafiah, Zahrah Faizatun; Hidayat, Hakmi
TAFSE: Journal of Qur'anic Studies Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/tafse.v10i1.31428

Abstract

The phenomenon of coercive begging raises complex social and ethical challenges. As a contemporary mufassir, Wahbah al-Zuḥaili addresses this issue through a distinctive approach that integrates modern social-ethical perspectives with Qur’anic teachings, specifically in QS. al-Baqarah (2): 273. This study aims to assess the ongoing relevance of his interpretation. It focuses on how al-Zuḥaili interprets coercive begging in this verse, as well as the epistemological and socio-political factors that shape his perspective. Employing Gadamer’s hermeneutics as the analytical framework, this research bridges the horizon of classical texts with contemporary social realities. The findings demonstrate that al-Zuḥaili’s interpretive method is both dynamic and integrative: he draws on lexical and grammatical analysis, classical and modern textual engagement, and historical experience to construct contextual and meaningful interpretations, all while remaining faithful to the core of the divine message. This model contributes to the evolution of Qur’anic interpretation, making it more responsive to the needs of contemporary society. The study reveals that al-Zuḥaili interprets the phrase lā yasʾalūn al-nās ilḥāfā as a prohibition of coercion rather than a blanket prohibition of asking. This interpretation reflects his engagement with the realities of coercive begging in Syria and Egypt during his lifetime. Al-Zuḥaili responds to the tension between scriptural text and contemporary socio-legal realities by proposing a practical alternative: rather than relying solely on criminal sanctions, governments should systematically identify vulnerable groups, foster interactive dialogue, and strengthen social welfare programs.
Retracing the Historicity of the Qur'an in Mainstream Islam and Critical Islam Anam, A'azliansyah Farizil; Taufiki Ali Ilhami; Muhammad Hafidza Daffa Nurdiansyah
An-Nur International Journal of The Quran & Hadith Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): AIJQH - November
Publisher : Yayasan Pesantren Mahasiswa An-Nur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62032/aijqh.v3i2.110

Abstract

This study arises from the urgency to reexamine the authenticity of the Qur'an in a historical context, amid debates among mainstream Islam, critical Islam, and Orientalist scholarship. The long history of the codification of the Qur'an, which involved the processes of revelation, memorization, and text standardization, became the basis for the emergence of two primary schools of thought: mainstream Islam, which affirms the purity of revelation through mutawatir transmission and divine protection, and critical Islam, which highlights the historical, social, and rational dimensions of the codification process without denying the sacredness of the text. Using a qualitative research method grounded in a literature review and historical and comparative analysis, this study finds that the debate over the authenticity of the Qur'an is not merely a conflict between faith and rationality, but rather a productive dialectic among faith, history, and scientific methodology. The results of the study show that both mainstream Islam and critical Islam, despite their differences in epistemological approaches, are essentially striving to maintain the integrity of revelation; one through strengthening theological aspects, and the other through rational and scientific historical verification.