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Conversion of Magnesium from Bittern with Sodium Phosphate Addition through Precipitation Process Dodik Hendra Saputra; Evlyansa Bunga Rizka Ananda; Dyah Suci Perwitasari; Caecilia Pujiastuti
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Bittern, a by-product of the salt production process, contains high concentrations of magnesium ions, which have significant economic potential and use value in various fields. The objective of this study is to recover magnesium from bittern using sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄) through the process of chemical precipitation. The reaction between magnesium and phosphate produces magnesium phosphate compounds, which are commercially valuable in the industrial and agricultural sectors. The present study analysed the effect of several process parameters, including pH, temperature and reaction time, on magnesium recovery efficiency. Optimum conditions were obtained at pH 9 with the addition of a 15% concentrated Na₃PO₄ solution. The precipitate formed was then characterised using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to confirm the presence of magnesium phosphate. The findings demonstrate that this method facilitates the effective recovery of magnesium from bittern, exhibiting both high efficiency and good selectivity. This approach has the potential to provide a sustainable solution for the treatment of bittern effluent, whilst concomitantly producing environmentally friendly value-added products.
Structural and Morphological Study of Magnesium Phosphate from Bittern by pH Treatment and Addition of Sodium Phosphate Dyah Suci, Perwitasari; Evlyansa Bunga Rizka Ananda; Dodik Hendra Saputra; Nur Aini Fauziyah
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Edition September-December 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2025.014.03.7934

Abstract

This study focuses on the study of the structure and morphology of magnesium phosphate produced through the separation process of magnesium minerals from bittern waste through the precipitation method. This process involves the precipitation of magnesium phosphate (Mg₃(PO₄)₂) by varying the pH of the solution to 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0, and by adding Na₃PO₄ with varying concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %. This chemical reaction produces magnesium phosphate precipitates were analyzed to determine their structural and morphological characteristics. The results showed that pH 9 and Na₃PO₄ concentration of 15 % are the optimal conditions for producing magnesium phosphate with the highest yield (25.1 %). Structural and morphological analysis show that magnesium phosphate exhibits an elongated shape with non-uniform size distribution, while the NaCl residue formed as a by-product had a typical cubic morphology. The presence of NaCl residue corresponds to the expected reaction mechanism, therefore, additional purification steps were needed to increase the purity of the final product. Overall, the results of this study indicate the potential for utilizing bittern as an alternative raw material for the synthesis of value-added magnesium phosphate, particularly for agriculture or industrial applications.