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Structural and Morphological Study of Magnesium Phosphate from Bittern by pH Treatment and Addition of Sodium Phosphate Dyah Suci, Perwitasari; Evlyansa Bunga Rizka Ananda; Dodik Hendra Saputra; Nur Aini Fauziyah
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Edition September-December 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2025.014.03.7934

Abstract

This study focuses on the study of the structure and morphology of magnesium phosphate produced through the separation process of magnesium minerals from bittern waste through the precipitation method. This process involves the precipitation of magnesium phosphate (Mg₃(PO₄)₂) by varying the pH of the solution to 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0, and by adding Na₃PO₄ with varying concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %. This chemical reaction produces magnesium phosphate precipitates were analyzed to determine their structural and morphological characteristics. The results showed that pH 9 and Na₃PO₄ concentration of 15 % are the optimal conditions for producing magnesium phosphate with the highest yield (25.1 %). Structural and morphological analysis show that magnesium phosphate exhibits an elongated shape with non-uniform size distribution, while the NaCl residue formed as a by-product had a typical cubic morphology. The presence of NaCl residue corresponds to the expected reaction mechanism, therefore, additional purification steps were needed to increase the purity of the final product. Overall, the results of this study indicate the potential for utilizing bittern as an alternative raw material for the synthesis of value-added magnesium phosphate, particularly for agriculture or industrial applications.
Evaluasi Hubungan Deviasi dan Energi terhadap Kestabilan Keluaran Berkas Elektron pada Pesawat LINAC Varian TrueBeam Sakinah; Wardhani, Primasari Cahya; Arie Chintya Martania; Nur Aini Fauziyah; Wahyu Dwi Lestari
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.1-8.2026

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between electron beam energy and electric charge, as well as the relationship between deviation and energy, to evaluate the output stability of the LINAC machine. Measurements were conducted at BPAFK Surabaya using a Varian TrueBeam LINAC at Hospital X, East Java. The study employed electron energies of 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, 16 MeV, and 18 MeV. The procedure included filling the water phantom with distilled water, setting the source-to-surface distance (SSD) to 100 cm with a radiation field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, and connecting the detector to the electrometer outside the LINAC room. Calibration was performed at the reference depth (Zref) based on the R₅₀ value from the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) table according to the IAEA TRS-398 standard. Measurements were repeated five times with voltage variations of +300 V, −300 V, and +75 V. The results showed that the maximum electric charge occurred at 12 MeV at a depth of 2.96 cm, while the highest deviation, −0.15%, was observed at 16 MeV—still within the ±2% tolerance limit. Therefore, the LINAC machine is considered stable and suitable for use in radiotherapy.