Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia
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Development of Toilet Training based on Augmented Reality for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Widi Kumara Jaga Paramuditha; Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia; Risca Amani
Jurnal Pedagogi dan Pembelajaran Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jp2.v8i1.91673

Abstract

Toilet training is a basic skill in the growth and development process of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The process of toilet training usually uses traditional conventions that often rely heavily on auditory instructions, and a lack of visual support. ASD children are visual learners so they have difficulty in understanding verbal instructions. This research aims to develop augmented reality-based interactive learning media that supports the audiovisual learning style of ASD children. This research uses a prototype method by identifying problems, analyzing user needs, designing product designs, making products, and expert testing. The subjects involved in this study are teachers, children of ASD and expert validators. The data collection techniques used were observation and interviews to see the empirical conditions of toilet training learning using observation instruments and interview instruments. Then use a questionnaire to validate the product created. The data was analyzed qualitatively descriptively for the results of interviews and observations, while quantitative data for the results of the expert validator questionnaire. The result of this research is in the form  of an augmented reality-based toilet training application  with a marker card as a barcode to integrate 3-dimensional visual elements that have been validated by experts. So this is one of the interactive media in teaching toilet training to ASD children. This application can be accessed using a smartphone so that it can not only be taught at school, but also at home.
A Systematic Literature Review on Developing a Parenting Toolkit to Enhance Motivation among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Murniwati Laia; Marlina Marlina; Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia; Murniwati Laia; Marlina; Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia; Mega Iswari Binah Asnah
Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 11 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um065.v6.i11.2026.4

Abstract

This study aims to review scientific literature on parenting toolkit development as a strategy to enhance motivation among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA protocol, complemented by bibliometric analysis using Biblioshiny. Data were retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar databases within the publication range of 2016–2025. Out of 835 identified articles, 31 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. Analysis shows accelerated global publication trends in ASD parenting interventions during 2024–2025. Four thematic clusters revealed that parenting stress directly diminishes parental self-efficacy and motivation. Most existing interventions are rigid, time-intensive, and clinically face-to-face, leaving caregivers highly vulnerable to burnout. Although limited to Scopus and Google Scholar, this study theoretically underscores the critical need to shift from child-centered behavioral mechanics toward parent-mediated interventions that reinforce the caregiver's internal psychological constructs. Practically, it provides empirical guidance for practitioners to design flexible, self-mediated family support tools by simplifying instructions and incorporating accessible delivery methods like telehealth. Socially, sustaining parental motivation enhances the quality of life and emotional resilience of families raising children with ASD, reducing the risks of diagnosis denial and therapy discontinuation. The originality lies in combining thematic bibliometric mapping with qualitative synthesis to provide a scientific justification for developing a "Parenting Toolkit," proving that tactical behavior management must be anchored by strengthening parental self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation.