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All Journal Publication of the International Journal and Academic Research (PIJAR)
Khairunnisa, Andi Aulia
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Analysis of Factors Affecting GRDP per Capita in Eastern Indonesia: A Panel and Spatial Model Approach in the Context of the Planned Capital Relocation (IKN) Khairunnisa, Andi Aulia; Rahmasari, Fani
Publication of the International Journal and Academic Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Student Association Study Center in Türkiye

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63222/pijar.v2i1.31

Abstract

The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita in Eastern Indonesia, particularly in provinces adjacent to the planned new capital city (IKN), is influenced by various economic and infrastructural factors. This study examines the impact of national road length, population density, foreign investment, the Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty levels on economic growth in the region. Using data from multiple provinces, the analysis employs panel data models (Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect, and Random Effect), spatial models (Spatial Durbin Model), and autoregressive tests to observe temporal relationships. The entire analysis is conducted using RStudio, allowing for efficient data processing and advanced econometric modeling. The findings indicate that infrastructure development (measured by national road length), population (in total population), and quality of life (measured by Human Development Index/HDI) have a statistically significant effect on GRDP per capita in Eastern Indonesia. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment (FDI) shows no significant influence in the model. Therefore, economic policies that incorporate spatial and temporal considerations especially those targeting infrastructure, demographic dynamics, and human development are crucial for fostering more equitable and sustainable growth across Eastern Indonesia.
The Impact of Carbon Pricing on Economic Attractiveness and Environmental Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Across Asia-Pacific Khairunnisa, Andi Aulia; Farwati, Khusnul Hafifah; Mellyfitria, Addinisa
Publication of the International Journal and Academic Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Student Association Study Center in Türkiye

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63222/pijar.v2i2.40

Abstract

This study examines the multidimensional effects of carbon pricing on environmental quality and economic attractiveness in Asia-Pacific countries, applying Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Economic attractiveness is proxied by foreign direct investment (FDI) indicators, while environmental quality is assessed through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and related metrics. The model incorporates four latent constructs: carbon pricing, environmental performance, fiscal capacity, and FDI. Results indicate that carbon pricing exerts a statistically significant and positive impact on both environmental quality and government revenue, reinforcing its role as a policy instrument with dual ecological and fiscal benefits. Notably, carbon pricing also demonstrates a direct positive influence on FDI, suggesting that credible and transparent environmental policies may enhance a country’s investment appeal. However, indirect effects via environmental performance and fiscal capacity are not statistically significant. By integrating environmental, fiscal, and investment dimensions, this study contributes a novel empirical framework to the literature on sustainable development policy in emerging economies. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers aiming to design carbon pricing strategies that support both environmental goals and economic competitiveness.
Co-Authors Fani Rahmasari, Fani Farwati, Khusnul Hafifah Mellyfitria, Addinisa