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All Journal PROTON : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik Mesin METAL
Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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THE EFFECT OF COATING TEMPERATURE AND PARTICLE SIZE ON THE BURNING TIME OF KEMPI SHELL BRIQUETTES Vianus Ndopo Role, Narsisius; Murdiyanto, Danang; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v2i1.96

Abstract

The current fuel is still sourced from fossil fuels, namely oil, coal and The current fuel is still sourced from fossil fuels, namely oil, coal and gas, which have many impacts on the environment. As an agricultural country located in the tropics, Indonesia is rich in biomass energy sources. In this research, the use of candlenut shells will be used or processed into alternative fuel, namely briquettes, with the aim of determining the value of combustion time and temperature produced through variations in composition and mesh size. The results of the research show that the effect of the burning temperature has an impact on the burning time of the briquettes and the resulting temperature, where the best burning time and temperature values ​​of the briquettes are produced by a burning temperature of 400°C with a grain size of 100 mesh, namely 177 minutes with an average burning temperature briquettes 193.9°C.
COMPARISON OF PARTICLES SIZE AND PRESSURE OF COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL BRICKETS ON COMBUSTION TIME AND TEMPERATURE Mali, Alfin; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus; Tugur Redationo, Nereus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v2i2.97

Abstract

Briquettes are a type of alternative energy whose raw material source comes from agricultural waste such as coconut shells. Coconut shells are converted into charcoal which has a higher calorific value through the pyrolysis process. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of comparing particle size and printing pressure on the length of burning time and burning temperature, so as to obtain a briquette composition that is durable and produces high temperatures. In this research, the raw material used was shell waste with a drying process of 400°C and the particle size variations used were mesh 30, 150 and 250 mixed with 12 grams of starch adhesive. The briquette molding process uses 3 kg and 5 kg pressure, which are then dried using an oven at a temperature of 750°C for 3 hours. Tests were carried out on burning time, burning temperature, water content and ash content. From the research results, it was found that for the highest temperature, briquettes with a particle size of 250 mesh were produced with a pressure of 5 kg at 312°C, and the flame duration of the briquettes was 240 minutes.
ANALYSIS OF PELTON WATER TURBINE DESIGN RESULTS THROUGH VALVE VARIATIONS AND COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF BLADES Andi Priyanto, Oktavianus; Tugur Redationo , Nereus; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v2i2.101

Abstract

The Pelton turbine is an extension of the impulse turbine, the Pelton turbine operated with high pressure and changes in momentum received by the blades very large. In this research, the researcher wanted to analyze the effect of the number of blades against the momentum force that produces the turbine shaft rotation and generate electrical energy. The research used a mini Pelton type of water turbine, using blades with the number of blades 6, 12, and 18 blades. By using the valve opening ranging from 60o-720o, using an initial load of 150gr, arm length 15cm, then look for the unit conversion of discharge pressure (Pd), turbine head (HT), capacity water (Q), Water Horse Power (WHP), Brake Hourse Power (BHP), and efficiency turbine. The number of blades that are more effective for use in mini-type water turbines Pelton valve opening variations are 18 blades, because of the efficiency and force values greater momentum so that the rotation of the turbine shaft produces a blade 18 with the results of the calculation of the 18 blades obtained a manometer of 215.74 N/m2 turbine head 21.99 m, highest water capacity 0.012 m3/s, highest WHP 26,404 Watts, BHP the highest is 19,765 Watts, and the highest turbine efficiency is 75%.
THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE VARIATIONS (3 KG, 4KG, 5 KG, 5.5 KG) AND MESH (30, 100) ON THE HARDNESS AND COMBUSTION VALUE OF CANDLECRON SHELL BRIQUETTE De Jesus Moriera, Paulo; Tugur Redationo, Nereus; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v3i1.131

Abstract

Through this research there are two variables observed, namely the effect of variations in briquette charcoal pressure and specific heat value on the composition of carbonisation of hazelnut shell charcoal with tapioca adhesive on specific heat value. The initial process of research in the form of making charcoal on hazelnut shell briquettes, hazelnut shells are carbonised at 500 °, sieved with mesh 30 and 100 sieves, given a compressive load of 3 kg, 4 kg, 5 kg and 5.5 kg, the adhesive on hazelnut shell briquettes is starch and drying is carried out with a drying oven for 3 hours at a temperature of 80 °. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in pressure and particle size on the quality of hazelnut shell briquettes when viewed from the combustion rate and calorific value. The methodology used in the research is by using hazelnut shell briquette experiments, hazelnut shell briquette testing includes testing through hardness and briquette calorimeter bomb value. Through the research, it was found that the highest calorific value was in the 4 kg pressure specimen on mesh 30, namely 9221.09 cal/gram while the lowest combustion rate was produced by the hazelnut shell briquette specimen with a pressure of 5 kg and 5.5 kg, which was 4076.17 g/min. Giving different compressive loads and mesh sieves can provide advantages to briquettes including increasing specific calorific value, reducing water content and slowing the combustion rate
Inovasi Penggunaan Limbah Ampas Kopi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Biogas: Studi Eksperimental terhadap Emisi CH₄ dan CO₂ Regita Bellatrix , Angelica; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
PROTON Vol. 15 No. 01 (2025): PROTON: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Widyagama University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31328/jp.v15i01.7110

Abstract

Biogas is a widely recognized alternative energy source among Indonesian communities. It is produced through the anaerobic fermentation of livestock manure and water, and can be combined with other organic waste materials to enhance gas production. The addition of organic waste in biogas production has been shown to significantly influence the quantity and quality of the resulting gas output. Therefore, this research was conducted by introducing coffee dreg waste into the process to evaluate its effect on the production of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), using MQ-4 and MQ-135 gas sensors for detection. Data analysis revealed that the chemical components present in the added coffee dregs effectively increased the reaction rate during biogas production. This was demonstrated by the highest methane concentration achieved by the specimen with the largest coffee dreg content (444), reaching 247.033 ppm. Meanwhile, the highest carbon dioxide concentration was obtained from the specimen with a smaller amount of coffee dreg addition (441), measuring 141.202 ppm.
THE EFFECT OF VARIATION OF SOAKING TIME AND ROLL DISTANCE ON TWO-ROLL BASED MELINJO OUTER SKIN PEELING MACHINE Derby Pratama, Yoga; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus; Dhani , Harsa
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v3i2.135

Abstract

The peeling of melinjo skin is an essential process in melinjo processing to produce higher-value processed products, such as melinjo chips and other food ingredients. Melinjo is a plant commonly found in Indonesia and is used in traditional cuisine and snack production. This study examines the effect of variations in roll distance and soaking time on melinjo fruit. The roll distance variations used were 0.9 cm, 1 cm, and 1.1 cm, while the soaking times were 1 hour, 1.5 hours, and 2 hours. In this study, friction force and compression force from the roll drive played a crucial role in achieving optimal peeling. The friction force is influenced by the roll distance, where a 0.9 cm roll distance generates a high friction force, which can damage the seeds. Conversely, a 1.1 cm roll distance reduces the friction force, making the peeling process less effective. Based on force calculations, the required compression force of the roll drive was 39.22 N. Additionally, the highest friction force was recorded at a 0.9 cm roll distance, reaching 84.76 N, while at a 1 cm roll distance, the result was greater than or equal to the compression force of the roll drive 54,16 N. Meanwhile, at a 1.1 cm roll distance, the friction force was lower than the compression force of the roll drive 23,54 N. The soaking process affects the texture of the melinjo skin. With a 1-hour soaking time, the melinjo seed skin remained relatively hard. At 1.5 hours of soaking, the skin started to soften but still required a significant friction force for peeling. After 2 hours of soaking, the skin became soft, allowing it to be peeled off completely. Based on the data obtained, the best peeling results were achieved at a roll distance of 1 cm with a soaking time of 2 hours, as the skin could be easily removed due to the applied friction and compression forces from the roll drive.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CARBON MEDIA AND TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN THE PACK CARBURIZING PROCESS OF STAINLESS STEEL 316L ON MATERIAL STRUCTURE AND HARDNESS VALUE Willyxsilvester, Wilibald Vincentius Mae Wangge; Tugur Redationo, Nereus; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v3i2.152

Abstract

The need for metal materials in various industries and construction is increasing. Materials that are widely needed by industry, especially the use of current research for the manufacture of electrodes in the electrolysis process. Some of the mechanical properties that are highlighted in quality include strength and wear resistance of the material. To meet these needs, various engineering techniques such as surface coatings are carried out to improve its mechanical properties. One approach that has been introduced is to change the structure of the material using a mixture of natural carbon-based materials, such as coconut shells and Arabica coffee grounds. Coconut shells and Arabica coffee grounds can be processed into carbon through a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 1000°C. The carbon is used as a material for the pack carburizing process with various heating temperatures (700°C, 800°C, 900°C) and various types of coconut shell carbon and Arabica coffee grounds with a base material of 316L stainless steel and will later undergo a testing process that tests the microstructure and hardness. The results of the structural and hardness tests show changes in the structure of the specimen. The higher the temperature, the higher the carbon mass value and the hardness value. Coconut shell carbon specimens with a temperature of 900°C have an average of the highest hardness value of 318 HV and specimens with the lowest hardness value of 293 HV Arabica coffee grounds carbon specimens with a temperature of 700°C. The content of C, Cr, and Ni affects hardness, strength, and high temperature resistance.
THE EFFECT OF NACL AND KOH SOLUTION VARIATIONS ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTIVITY AND CORROSIVITY IN WET HHO GENERATORS USING SS316L ELECTRODES BasunJaya, Akmal Tri; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus; Prisma Jalu Permana, Antonius
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v3i2.153

Abstract

The increasing energy demand due to population growth and industrial development has driven the search for clean and renewable alternative energy sources. One promising solution is hydrogen-based energy through water electrolysis, which produces HHO gas (a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen).  The efficiency of the electrolysis process is significantly influenced by the type and concentration of the electrolyte solution used, such as NaCl and KOH, as well as the electrode material here, stainless steel SS316L. This study shows that increasing the mass of the electrolyte solution enhances hydrogen production. NaCl with a mass of 153 grams produced 1,509 ppm of hydrogen at the high-variable setting, while KOH with a mass of 147 grams produced up to 2,320 ppm. However, KOH also caused higher corrosion levels, reaching 0.117 grams in the high-variable setup, compared to NaCl at 0.038 grams. The Cl⁻ and OH⁻ ions in the electrolyte are highly reactive and contribute to electrode surface degradation. Furthermore, the electrode position affects hydrogen productivity, where closer proximity to the power source improves reaction efficiency. Therefore, the selection of electrolyte type and the optimization of the electrolysis system configuration are crucial in the development of efficient hydrogen production technology.
THE EFFECT OF CARBON COATING ON STAINLESS STEEL 316L WITH VARIATIONS OF HARDENING PROCESSES (PACK CARBURIZING AND QUENCING) AND TEMPERATURE ON CONDUCTIVITY AND CORROSION RATE mudha, cristian bala; Tugur Redationo , Nereus; Crisanto Putra Mbulu, Bernardus
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v3i2.157

Abstract

Stainless steel is an alloy steel with corrosion (rust) resistance properties. However, the good corrosion and wear resistance properties of stainless steel also require continuous improvement in its performance and service life, especially in highly aggressive environments. One approach to changing the material structure is by using a mixture based on natural carbon, such as robusta coffee grounds. Robusta coffee grounds will be converted into carbon using a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 1 hour. This carbon will be used as a coating material on 316L stainless steel with a variety of pack carburizing and quenching processes and temperatures with a holding time of 1 hour, then it will undergo a testing process that includes: thermal conductivity testing, and corrosion rate testing. In the quenching process, the thermal conductivity value of 900°C has a thermal conductivity value of 20.556 W/m°C, 800°C has a thermal conductivity value of 19.669 W/m°C and a temperature of 700°C with a thermal conductivity value of 18.930 W/m°C. while in the pack carburizing process, the temperature of 900°C has a thermal conductivity value of 20.101 W/m°C, and 800° has a thermal conductivity value of 19.54684 W/m°C, while at 700°C the thermal conductivity value is 18.916 W/m°C. At the raw corrosion rate has a corrosion rate value of 7.614 mm/year, in the quenching process of 700°C has a corrosion rate of 12.781 mm/year, while the temperature of 900°C with a corrosion rate value of 18.401 mm/year, and in the pack carburizing process of 700°C has a corrosion rate value of 9.699 mm/year temperature 900°C with a corrosion rate value of 13.234 mm/year. The better process in thermal conductivity is quenching, because it has a faster time but has a high conductivity value, while for the best corrosion rate is the pack carburizing process because it has a smaller corrosion rate value compared to the quenching process
Co-Authors Andi Priyanto, Oktavianus BasunJaya, Akmal Tri De Jesus Moriera, Paulo Derby Pratama, Yoga Dhani , Harsa Mali, Alfin mudha, cristian bala Murdiyanto, Danang Prisma Jalu Permana, Antonius Regita Bellatrix , Angelica Tugur Redationo , Nereus Tugur Redationo, Nereus Vianus Ndopo Role, Narsisius Willyxsilvester, Wilibald Vincentius Mae Wangge