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All Journal Indonesian Research Journal on Education Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)
Karo, Erland Zuhdi Karo
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Religion Arts Humanities Chemistry Education Energy Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Other

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Wanprestasi Dalam Jual Beli Batubara Imtiyaz, Ahmad Rais; Putra, Akasyah Rizwan Kurnia; Karo, Erland Zuhdi Karo; Nawawi, Fatkhurrohkman; Tarina, Dwi Desi Yayi
Indonesian Research Journal on Education Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Irje 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/irje.v5i4.2818

Abstract

Perjanjian merupakan alat hukum yang penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik dalam hubungan bisnis, keluarga, maupun hubungan pribadi. Dalam hukum perdata, perjanjian tidak hanya mengatur hak dan kewajiban para pihak, tetapi juga harus memenuhi sejumlah asas yang mendasari keabsahan dan pelaksanaan perjanjian tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asas-asas utama dalam perjanjian menurut hukum perdata Indonesia, seperti asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas itikad baik, asas pacta sunt servanda, asas keseimbangan, dan asas kepatuhan terhadap hukum. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asas-asas tersebut tidak hanya menjadi pedoman dalam penyusunan perjanjian, tetapi juga memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak yang terlibat. Dalam praktiknya, penerapan asas-asas ini sangat penting untuk menghindari terjadinya ketidakadilan dan penyalahgunaan dalam proses perjanjian.
Analisis Konflik India-Pakistan di Kashmir dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional: Analisis atas Hak Penentuan Nasib Sendiri dan Kedaulatan Teritorial Karo, Erland Zuhdi Karo; Prakosa, Reza Bintang
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 3, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

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Abstract

The India-Pakistan conflict over Kashmir, which has peaked again in 2025, is a reflection of historical tensions that have been ongoing since 1947, with issues of self-determination and territorial sovereignty at its core. This research analyzes recent conflict dynamics, including unilateral Indian actions such as the revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's autonomous status, the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, and the escalation of military operations into civilian areas, which significantly increase the risk of humanitarian law and human rights violations. In addition, the involvement of non-state armed groups allegedly supported by Pakistan raises serious questions about state responsibility under international law, particularly the doctrine of effective control. This study also highlights the role of third parties such as the United States, China, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia that emphasize the global geopolitical dimension of the conflict, and assesses the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms that have been more tactical than substantive. Using a normative juridical and descriptive qualitative approach, this study emphasizes the need to reform international dispute resolution mechanisms and strengthen state accountability within the framework of international law in order to create a comprehensive and sustainable solution to the Kashmir conflict.
Co-Authors Dwi Desi Yayi Tarina Imtiyaz, Ahmad Rais Nawawi, Fatkhurrohkman Prakosa, Reza Bintang Putra, Akasyah Rizwan Kurnia