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Arca Pendeta Buddha di Indonesia Ertrisia, Rendy Aditya Putra; Nagari, Galih Sekar Jati
JANUS Vol 1 No 1 (2023): Edition 1
Publisher : Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/janus.v1i1.7371

Abstract

In previous research statues of Buddhist priests found in East Java are interpreted as the embodiment of King Kṛtanāgara. In fact, similar statues are also discovered in Central Java from an earlier period. This raises the question whether these statues can indeed be associated with certain historical figures? This article addresses this issue by conducting a review of several statues of Buddhist priests in Central and East Java using an iconographic and iconological approach. The study showed that a Buddhist priest would be sculpted in a form similar to the Tathāgata or Buddha figure, but without his distinctive attributes, namely ūrṇā, uṣṇīṣa, curly hair and padmāsana. This depiction is meant to show his human nature. If in East Java statues of Buddhist priests can be associated with Kṛtanāgara , then similar statues in Central Java can only be interpreted in general as the embodiment of the highest Buddhist priest, guru or arhat. === Dalam penelitian terdahulu, temuan arca-arca pendeta Buddha di Jawa Timur selalu diidentifikasi sebagai perwujudan Raja Kṛtanāgara . Namun, ternyata arca serupa juga terdapat di Jawa Tengah dan berasal dari masa lebih awal, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah arca serupa juga dapat dikaitkan dengan tokoh tertentu? Tulisan ini mendiskusikan permasalahan tersebut dengan melakukan kajian kembali terhadap sejumlah arca pendeta Buddha baik di Jawa Tengah maupun di Jawa Timur. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan ikonografi dan ikonologi. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa tokoh pendeta Buddha diarcakan mirip dengan tokoh Tathāgata atau Buddha, tetapi tanpa atribut khas Tathagatha yaitu ūrṇā, uṣṇīṣa, rambut ikal, serta padmāsana. Penggambaran ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan sifat kemanusiaannya. Selain itu, apabila di Jawa Timur arca pendeta Buddha dapat dikaitkan dengan tokoh Kṛtanāgara , arca pendeta Buddha di Jawa Tengah hanya dapat ditafsirkan secara umum sebagai perwujudan pendeta Buddha tertinggi, guru, atau arhat, dan belum dapat diidentifikasikan dengan tokoh sejarah tertentu.
The toponymy of the villages in Ambon Island: A historical and archaeological study: Toponimi desa-desa di Nusa Ambon: Kajian sejarah dan arkeologi Wijaya, Daya Negri; Deny Yudo Wahyudi; Umaroh, Siti Zainatul; Susanti, Ninie; Ertrisia, Rendy Aditya Putra
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 41 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v41i1.600

Abstract

Previously, several toponymy studies have already been conducted both in the Nusa (Island) Ambon as well as in the City of Ambon. However, previous studies have not used the historical and archaeological approach. The use of this approach could ease the researchers to reveal the cross-cultural meeting in a specific locus. Taking the Island of Ambon as a locus, the researchers aim to find the origin of village names and the cultural intersection in Leihitu and Leitimor Peninsula. There were three steps conducted to collect and analyse data using historical and archaeological approach. Firstly, the researchers identified and took a tabulation of the village names, mentioned by the Hikayat Tanah Hitu (The Epic of Hitu Land) and three ancient maps. Secondly, the researchers identified various archaeological remains located in the scattered villages. Finally, the researchers analysed the origin of village names by searching the word-meanings, finding the present locations, and describing the role of the contemporary cultures (Islamic and Colonial period) in the past. The researchers found 12 villages with 22 archaeological remains. All related communities have the archaeological remains which could explain the local dynamics, but there are merely ten villages which name meanings could be identified.