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All Journal Journal of Clean Technology Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Rekayasa: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran
Hanif Ardhiansyah
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A Simple Method in Evaluating the Performance of H2S Scrubber at Existing Biogas Plant Akbar, Ramavi; Hanif Ardhiansyah; Muhammad Wasim Ikram
Rekayasa Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/rekayasa.v22i2.30454

Abstract

Biogas as one of the renewable energy sources contains hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) which causes equipment corrosion and gives negative impacts on the environment. To study some factors that affect the H2S removal efficiency, evaluation was done on the performance of existing H2S scrubber. For the case study, it was found that the existing scrubber performance did not reach the target (< 200 ppm-v H2S) with 1,450 Nm3 biogas/h and 2,550 ppm-v H2S inlet (-10 mbarg and 35oC). Scenarios were made by varying the design parameters of the H2S outlet scrubber (0 - 1,140 ppm-v), H2S inlet scrubber (2,550 and 3,000 ppm-v), and biogas flow (1,450 and 1,700 Nm3 biogas/h). Based on the analysis results, it was found that the initial design had already considered an overdesign factor of at least 52 times. Through solubility and residence time analysis, favorable scrubber operation is to run at low liquid spray flow (~ 70 m3/h). In addition, low flow liquid spray could help activate the bacteria on the bio-packing media surfaces so that they are not eroded by the high erosive spray velocity. This study’s results are expected to be a reference for the biogas industry in evaluating the performance of H2S scrubbers.
Synergistic Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Saccharification via Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment with Magnetic Fe₃O₄ Hanif Ardhiansyah; Astrilia Damayanti; Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy; Serlia Fitri Sadan; Nurul Khusna; Karenina Hakim
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.41061

Abstract

The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. This study investigates a synergistic approach combining ultrasound irradiation with magnetic Fe₃O₄ for pretreating rice straw. A 2² factorial experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate the individual and combined effects of ultrasound (300 W, 30 min) and Fe₃O₄ addition (1.5 wt%). The combined treatment exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, achieving 68.3% delignification and reducing the crystallinity index from 52.4% to 31.2%. These structural modifications resulted in a saccharification yield of 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the theoretical additive yield of 48.7% (raw: 18.5%, Fe₃O₄-only: 26.0%, ultrasound-only: 41.2%). SEM observations revealed extensive surface erosion, pore formation, and microfibril exposure after the combined pretreatment, while FTIR analysis confirmed substantial lignin removal. Furthermore, magnetic Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent magnetic separability, with a recovery efficiency higher than 95%, and maintained pretreatment performance over five reuse cycles with < 8% reduction in efficacy. Overall, this work presents a green, efficient, and economically promising pretreatment strategy based on synergistic ultrasound–magnetic Fe₃O₄ interactions, offering an effective pathway for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and supporting the development of sustainable biorefinery processes.
Physicochemical Characterization and Bioactive Compound Profiling of Oil Palm Leaf (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Extract for Green Nutraceutical Effervescent Tablets Hanif Ardhiansyah; Fisa Savanti; Meci Aryani Saputri; Nisa, Khusnul Khairul
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v3i1.44909

Abstract

The valorisation of oil palm leaf (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) agricultural waste into high-value nutraceutical products embodies circular economy principles within the world's largest palm oil producing nation. Oil palm leaves, currently discarded across 16.83 million hectares of Indonesian plantations, harbour diverse antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. This study presents a comprehensive, multi-technique physicochemical and chemical characterisation of palm leaf ethanol extract and its optimal effervescent tablet formulation (F1, acid:base = 1:1) relevant to clean technology nutraceutical development. The palm leaf extract was characterised by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) nanostructural analysis using the Debye-Scherrer equation, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant stability was assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging assay over four weeks (n = 3). XRD analysis revealed nanoparticulate crystal sizes of 58.91 nm (granules) and 56.38 nm (tablets), with predominantly amorphous phase morphology preserved through pharmaceutical processing. FTIR confirmed phenolic O–H stretching (3420 cm⁻¹), fatty acid C–H chains (2920, 2851 cm⁻¹), ester carbonyl (1740 cm⁻¹), and aromatic C=C (1633 cm⁻¹), validating chemical composition. GC-MS identified 25 peaks with 19 characterised compounds; dominant bioactives include n-hexadecanoic acid (11.80%), combined heneicosane peaks (31.14%), hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy ester (10.39%), and heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1) (10.15%), with documented antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Formulation F1 maintained IC50 = 21.22 mg/L unchanged over four weeks. Pharmaceutical processing preserves the nanostructural integrity and bioactive composition of palm leaf extract. The research validates a clean technology circular economy pathway converting palm leaf waste—currently 91.5 million tonnes dry weight annually in Indonesia—into stable, bioavailability-enhanced nutraceutical ingredients.
Co-Authors Akbar, Ramavi Astrilia Damayanti Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Fisa Savanti Karenina Hakim Meci Aryani Saputri Muhammad Wasim Ikram Nisa, Khusnul Khairul Nurul Khusna Serlia Fitri Sadan