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Bergabungnya International Organization for Migration (IOM) Menjadi Agen Migrasi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) Juliani Az Zahra; Apriwan; Setyaka, Virtuous
Palito Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v4i01.250

After World War II, Europe was plagued by problems due to population density and the high flow of migrant mobility entering Europe. This phenomenon encouraged countries to form an organization to manage the movement of people and logistics in the European region known as the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Despite being established with a limited, temporary mandate, and outside the UN framework, IOM managed to grow, proving its expertise and role in various global migration events to become one of the leading actors in global migration. However, in 2016, IOM decided to form a more formal bond of cooperation by signing the 2016 Agreement which also marked the incorporation of IOM into the UN, making IOM a "UN Migration Agency". This research explains the reasons for IOM's incorporation into the UN system. This research uses qualitative methods and uses data from secondary sources. The researcher used Principal-Agent Theory which relies on the relationship of delegation of duties and authority. This research emphasizes that IOM's joining was driven by IOM's interest in obtaining resources, such as funding, recognition, expansion of influence, and certain privileges and immunities, to achieve goals in accordance with its global strategy. Keywords: Migration Governance, International Organization for Migration, United Nations

Keputusan Indonesia Mengeluarkan Kebijakan Pelarangan Ekspor Bijih Nikel pada Tahun 2019 Janwal Almuthazim; Apriwan; Cory, Silvi
Palito Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v4i01.253

In 2019, through the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 11/2019, the Indonesian government officially issued a policy to ban the export of nickel ore. The policy received negative reactions from both domestic and international actors, as it was considered disadvantageous to Indonesia's interests and contrary to international trade rules in the World Trade Organization (WTO). This study examines whether the nickel ore export ban policy implemented by the Indonesian government is rational. out this, Graham T. Allison's Rational Actor Model theory is used, which consists of four stages, namely, determining goals and objectives, determining alternative policy options, determining the consequences of each policy option and the last is a rational choice. This research is categorized as qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach, utilizing secondary data. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that the nickel ore export ban policy issued in 2019 is not a rational choice because when viewed from the political, environmental, and economic aspects of the policy it produces more losses for Indonesia than benefits. The benefits gained are more likely to be enjoyed by multinational companies (MNCs) from China that have long invested in Indonesia. Keywords: Nickel Ore Export Ban Policy, Indonesia, China, Rational Actor Model, Multinational Corporation

Faktor-Faktor Pendorong Polandia Menentang The European Green Deal Tahun 2019-2023 Fitri, Nela Elfita; Apriwan; Diah Anggraini Austin
Palito Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v4i01.290

In 2019, the European Commission established an ambitious policy initiative regarding environmental change issues called the European Green Deal. The aim of this policy is to achieve zero emissions by 2050 and make Europe as the first climate neutral continent by that year. All member states had to adopt the goals, and Poland was the only member state opposes that policy. This research aims to explain the factors driving Poland's opposition to the European Green Deal in 2019-2023. These driving factors will be explained using the theory of Foreign Policy Decision Making by William D. Coplin. Coplin explained that a country's decisions can be influenced by several determinant factors, namely the international context, domestic politics, and economic and military stability. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis research type. This research found that Poland's decision to oppose The European Green Deal was caused by Poland's energy and economic security, international dynamics and euroskepticism, as well as Poland’s domestic political instability.

Sekuritisasi Isu Separatisme Oleh India Sebagai Justifikasi Pencabutan Otonomi Kashmir Syahputra Daulay, Harry Prananda; Apriwan; Virtuous Setyaka
Palito Vol. 2 No. 01 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.01.56-66.2023

This study examines the securitisation of Kashmir's separatism by the Indian government. This study argues that the government of India's securitisation effort seems like an initial step to revoke Kashmir's special autonomy. This study employed a securitisation framework, emphasising how two main stages of securitisation shape and influence the securitising process, including raising the issue and convincing the audience. I used a qualitative method by using descriptive analysis and secondary data sources. The Finding highlights that in the staging of raising the issue, the Indian government used media and political parties as speech act arena. In convincing the audience, Indian political elites and Indian society become other domains in addressing Kashmir's separatism. Consequently, this thesis argues that revoking Kashmir's autonomy becomes a rational action and has acceptability in public discourse. Keywords: India, Narendra Modi, Securitization, Separatism.

Indonesia’s efforts to tackle Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in Arafura and Timor Seas through the Arafura Timor Seas Ecosystem Action (ATSEA) Salsabila, Wangi; Apriwan; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 3 No. 02 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i02.225

Abstract This research analyzes Indonesia’s efforts to tackle Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in Arafura and Timor Seas through the Arafura Timor Seas Ecosystem Action (ATSEA). The Arafura and Timor Seas are one of the Indonesian waters with the highest cases of IUU fishing. Indonesia then joined regional cooperation through the Arafura Timor Seas Ecosystem Action (ATSEA). This is done by Indonesia to protect Arafura and Timor Seas’ maritime security. The author uses the concept of maritime security by Christian Bueger and Timothy Edmunds who have two components consist of Organizing Maritime Security and Managing Complexity and Governing Maritime Security Abroad: Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR). The research methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing a descriptive analytical approach and relying on secondary data. This research found that Indonesia's joining the ATSEA program had a significant impact on overcoming IUU fishing in the Arafura and Timor Seas. Indonesia’s efforts show some achievements in terms of law, security, cooperation, and knowledge. Keywords: ATSEA, IUU fishing, Indonesia, Arafura and Timor Seas

Peran Field Indonesia dalam Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Melalui Program Udara Bersih Indonesia Hanim, Syawelly; Apriwan; Setyaka, Virtuous
Palito Vol. 3 No. 02 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i02.278

This research aims to analyze the role of Field Indonesia as a Non Governmental Organization (NGO) in Indonesia that focuses on environmental issues. Field Indonesia sees the problem of climate change that must be addressed. Climate change occurs due to global warming caused by land burning activities. The impact of climate change in Indonesia is very concerning so that an effective solution is needed to overcome this problem. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach using primary and secondary data. This research uses the concept of Role of NGO Theory by Lucas J Giese which is seen through four indicators, namely issue framing, agenda setting, information provision, and lobbying & campaigning. This research describes that Field Indonesia plays a role in responding to climate change events by adopting the global climate change mitigation agenda. The mitigation agenda is focused on prevention efforts related to climate change through the Indonesian Clean Air Program. This study found that in carrying out its role as an NGO for program implementation, Field Indonesia framed the issue by conducting an initial survey of the community then developing a framework and establishing cooperation with various parties from local to international levels. Field Indonesia provides information related to the UBI Program through the Indonesian Clean Air Cadre Training activities and utilizes various digital platforms such as social media and websites, then Field lobbies and campaigns through journalist visits and poster distribution activities and obtains support related to the implementation of the UBI Program from the village level to the central government.

Perubahan Kebijakan Iklim Inggris Terkait Target Net Zero Emission Global Haniq, Raihan; Apriwan; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This research was conducted to see changes in UK policy related to the Net Zero Emission target analyzed using the concept of foreign policy change by Jakob Gustavsson by looking at the factors that influence UK policy changes and the level of policy change. There are two factors, namely international factors and domestic factors seen from an economic and political perspective. Meanwhile, the level of policy change consists of four levels, namely Adjustment Changes, Program Changes, Problem/Goal Changes, and International Orientation Changes. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. In this study, international factors in terms of the economy are caused by the decline in the global economy due to Covid-19, and in terms of politics is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. As for domestic factors in terms of the economy is inflation in the UK, and domestic factors in terms of politics are the change of prime minister and political parties. Then, the level of policy change is at the level of Problem/Goal Changes and International Orientation Changes. Broadly speaking, the UK has not changed its target towards Net Zero Emission Global, but the existing policy changes can affect the UK's achievement of the target.

Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia dalam Merespon Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Uni Eropa Sylvana Annisa; Apriwan; Diah Anggraini Austin
INDEPENDEN: Jurnal Politik Indonesia dan Global Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): INDEPENDEN: Jurnal Politik dan Global
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/indpn.7.1.21-40.32946

The European Union's implementation of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) policy presents significant structural challenges for developing countries, including Indonesia. This instrument was designed by the EU to align the carbon cost burden between imported products and domestically produced goods in the region. In its transitional phase, the CBAM scheme began to be gradually implemented for seven main commodities: iron, steel, aluminum, fertilizer, electricity, cement, and hydrogen. Although the proportion of Indonesia's exports to the European market is relatively small compared to other market destinations, the Indonesian government continues to take adaptive measures. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach based on literature studies, this study operates a theoretical framework of state behavior and national interest to dissect the rationality of the Indonesian government. The findings indicate that Indonesia's response to the CBAM regulation is a manifestation of strategic calculations to achieve national objectives by mitigating threats, exploiting available opportunities, and optimizing existing national capacity.

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