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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Pertambangan Jurnal Riset Teknik Pertambangan Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Aprian, Akbar
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Analisis Perkuatan Tunnel menggunakan Metode RMR, Q-System, dan Finite Element Method pada TD XC-2 CG 460 Aprian, Akbar
Jurnal Riset Teknik Pertambangan Volume 5, No. 1, Juli 2025, Jurnal Riset Teknik Pertambangan (JRTP)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrtp.v5i1.5900

Abstract

Abstrak. Dalam proses penambangan bawah tanah, rekayasa geoteknik berupa penentuan perkuatan lubang bukaan adalah hal yang sangat fundamental karena berkaitan dengan proses penambangan dan keselamatan para pekerja. Lubang bukaan TD XC-2 CG 460 merupakan fokus area karena metode penambangan yang dilakukan pada elevasi lebih tinggi menggunakan metode ambrukan, untuk itu diperlukan pemasangan perkuatan yang sesuai terutama pada atap. Penentuan perkuatan di setiap lubang bukaan menyesuaikan kondisi lubang bukaan dengan memperhatikan faktor keamanan yang tercantum dalam Keputusan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia 1827K. Penentuan perkuatan lubang bukaan didasarkan oleh metode empiris Q-System oleh Barton dan RMR oleh Bieniawski yang dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan beban sangga oleh Unal dengan memperhatikan lebar bukaan, massa jenis batuan, dan panjang kemajuan lubang bukaan. Sebagai pembanding metode empiris, digunakan metode numerik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis numerik metode element hingga, saran perkuatan dengan metode Q-System berupa beton tembak yang diperkuat serat dan baut batuan yang dipasang secara sistematis memiliki hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan saran perkuatan dengan metode RMR berupa baut batuan, besi h-beam, beton tembak, dan mesh yang mengacu pada WI-270.03.15-R.0 dibuktikan dengan nilai deformasi, faktor kekuatan, dan zona ambrukan di sekitar lubang bukaan menggunakan peranti lunak RS2/Phase2. Abstract. In the underground mining process, geotechnical engineering in the form of support determining is fundamental because it is related to the mining process and the safety of workers. TD XC-2 CG 460 is a concern area because the mining method carried out at higher elevations uses the upperhole method, appropriate supporting is required, especially on the roof. Determination of supporting in each tunnel adjusts the condition of the tunnel by taking into account the safety factors stated in Decision of the Minister of ESDM 1827K. Determination of reinforcement of openings is based on the empirical method Q-System by Barton and RMR by Bieniawski which is continued by the calculation of support loads by Unal by adjusting the opening width, rock density, and length of tunnel excavation. As a comparison to the empirical method, a numerical method is used. Based on the results of the numerical analysis of the finite element method, the suggestion for supporting using the Q-system method in the form of fiber-reinforced shotcrete and systematic bolting has better results than the suggestion for supporting using  RMR method in the form of rock bolts, h-beams, shotcrete, and mesh which refers to WI-270.03.15-R.0 as evidenced by the total displecement, strength factor, and the yield zone around the tunnel in RS2/Phase2 software.
Analysis of the Validated Transition Failure Criterion Model for Slope Stability in the Final Wall of a High-Sulphidation Epithermal Open-Pit Mine Farhan, M Alfiza; Aprian, Akbar
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11404

Abstract

Open-pit slope stability in hydrothermally altered and clay-rich settings remains a critical challenge in geotechnical design. Conventional criteria, such as the Mohr–Coulomb and Generalized Hoek–Brown (GHB) models, often fail to accurately represent the intermediate soil–rock behavior of transition materials. This study applies and validates the Validated Transition (VT) criterion, a refinement of the GHB model, within a Finite Element Method (FEM) framework to evaluate slope stability in the final wall of a high-sulphidation epithermal open-pit mine. Transition rock properties were derived from Point Load Index (PLI) correlations with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), ensuring a representative characterization of hydrothermal clay-altered lithologies. Numerical simulations were performed to compare slope responses under the VT, GHB, and Mohr–Coulomb (MC) formulations. Results show that the VT model provides the highest consistency with radar-monitored displacements, achieving up to 93% agreement in low- to medium-strength rock masses, while GHB and MC produced lower correlations. This demonstrates that the VT model more effectively captures the deformation behavior of transitional rock masses, improving predictive reliability over conventional approaches. Beyond the studied case, the VT–FEM approach establishes a methodological framework that can be extended to other open-pit mines with similar geomechanical conditions. The findings emphasize the importance of transition material-specific failure criteria, supporting optimized pit design and cost-effective wall management aligned with safety standards.
A Correlation-Regression Statistics: Predicting Uniaxial Compressive Strength from Point Load Index for Hydrothermal Clay Materials Farhan, Muhammad Alfiza; Aprian, Akbar
Jurnal Teknologi Pertambangan Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jtp.v11i2.16036

Abstract

This study addressed the difficulty of determining uniaxial compressive strength in hydrothermally altered breccia, where preparing intact core samples was not feasible. A field-based approach using point load index measurements was adopted to provide an alternative means of estimating rock strength. Twenty-one representative breccia samples from Pit C were tested through standardized point load procedures and laboratory uniaxial compression tests. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the two strength parameters. The results showed a strong and statistically significant linear trend, indicating that point load index values could reliably predict uniaxial compressive strength for the altered breccia. The analysis further demonstrated that most strength variability was explained by the regression model. These findings supported the use of point load testing as an efficient and practical method for strength estimation in geological conditions where conventional testing was limited.
Co-Authors Farhan, M Alfiza Farhan, Muhammad Alfiza