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All Journal Journal of Maternal and Child Health Plexus Medical Journal
Nugroho , Hari Wahyu
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Correlation between Blood Sodium and CD4 Level in Pediatrics with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Maulana, Shahdan Taufik; Umma, Husnia Auliyatul; Nugroho , Hari Wahyu
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.04.04

Abstract

Background: Electrolyte disorders such as hyponatremia are often found in human immuno­deficiency virus (HIV) patients. It is closely correlated with HIV morbidity and mortality. Sodium levels have also been reported to correlate with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) in adult subjects, but it is not yet known how in children with HIV infection.This study conducted to analyze the correlation between electrolyte levels, especially sodium, and CD4 levels in children with HIV infection. Subjects and Method: Descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 42 pediatric HIV patients aged 0-18 years who were willing to undergo sodium and CD4 level examinations. Subjects with liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease and opportu­nistic infections in HIV were excluded. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variables was blood sodium levels, while the independent variables was CD4 counts, and the confounding variables were age, and ARV duration use. Sodium levels were measured using the Cbs400, Jokoh ex-d and smarlyte devices while CD4 levels were measured using the BD FACSCount device by flow cytometry. The correlation between sodium and ARV duration use on CD4 levels analyzed by Pearson test, while correlation between patient’s age and CD4 levels analyzed by Spearman rank test. The multiple linear regression used to control the confounding variables. Results: The average sodium level in pediatric HIV patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional General Hospital (Mean= 131.19; SD= 5.68 mEq/L), while the average CD4 level (Mean= 940.40; SD= 464.81 cells/μL). Pearson test showed a positive and weak correlation between sodium levels and CD4 counts (r= 0.32; p = 0.040), meaning that the higher the sodium level, the higher the CD4 count. There was a negative and very weak correlation with the duration of ARV use (r= -0.18; p= 0.254), meaning that the higher the sodium level, the lower the CD4 count. Spearman Rank test showed a correlation between age and CD4 count (r= -0.52; p<0.001), meaning that the older the person, the lower the CD4 count. The results of linear regression showed that there was a significant influence between sodium levels on CD4 count (b= 24.99; p= 0.029) and patient age (b= -55.21; p=0.003). Conclusion: Sodium levels have a moderate positive correlation with CD4 levels in pediatric patients with HIV infection. Examination of sodium levels can be an additional parameter in routine monitoring of the immunodeficiency status of pediatric HIV patients.
Hubungan Tipe Serangan Epilepsi Pada Anak Dengan Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Perwitasari, Lintang; Nugroho , Hari Wahyu; Nur , Fadhilah Tia
Plexus Medical Journal Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/plexus.v2i3.566

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Perkembangan kognitif adalah salah satu bagian yang berarti pada tumbuh kembang anak karena dapat menunjukkan perkembangan cara berpikir. Penyakit kronis dapat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan kemampuan kognitif karena pada anak yang memiliki penyakit kronik cenderung lebih mengurung diri dan kesulitan bersosialisasi. Epilepsi termasuk salah satu penyakit kronik pada anak dapat berdampak pada tumbuh kembang anak seperti pada aspek neurologis, kognitif, psikologis, dan sosial individu. Klasifikasi epilepsi dibagi berdasarkan tipe bangkitan dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu kejang umum, kejang parsial, dan kejang yang belum bisa diklasifikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tipe serangan epilepsi pada anak dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Metode: Penelitian bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan Bulan April-Mei 2022 di poli dan bangsal anak RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kuesioner MOCA-Ina dan didapatkan 45 sampel. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji Chi-Square menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Data hasil penelitian tipe serangan epilepsi dan fungsi kognitif dianalisis melalui uji Chi-square didapatkan nilai p = 0,006 (p < 0,05). Namun, expected count uji Chi-Square <5 sehingga dilakukan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan hasil p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tipe serangan epilepsi dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada anak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, aktivitas fisik, usia awitan epilepsi, jenis OAE, dan durasi konsumsi OAE tidak menjadi perancu yang berarti dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: Tipe serangan epilepsi mempengaruhi penurunan fungsi kognitif pada anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Co-Authors Husnia Auliyatul Umma, Husnia Auliyatul Maulana, Shahdan Taufik Nur , Fadhilah Tia Perwitasari, Lintang