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All Journal Nommensen Journal of Medicine Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan
Tarigan, Junita
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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ICU dan Non-ICU MRSA: Kejadian dan Faktor Risiko di Rumah Sakit Tersier Tarigan, Junita; Putri, Maulinda; Suhartomi, Suhartomi; Sitompul, Owen
Nommensen Journal of Medicine Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Nommensen Journal of Medicine Edisi: Agustus 2025
Publisher : Universitas HKBP Nommensen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36655/njm.v11i1.1939

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen that is resistant to penicillin-class antibiotics and poses a serious threat to healthcare facilities. Its global prevalence reached 30% in 2020, while in Indonesia it ranges from 0.3% to 52%, with the highest rate reported in Jakarta. Objective: To compare the incidence and risk factors of MRSA among patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and general wards (non-ICU) at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan, during 2022–202. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 569 patients in ICU and non-ICU wards with culture examinations performed from January 2022 to December 2023. Bivariate analysis was conducted for nine independent variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression for variables with p-values < 0.25. Results: From 18,121 culture examinations, 569 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identified. MRSA incidence was higher in non-ICU wards (246 of 441 isolates; 55.7%) than in the ICU (63 of 128 isolates; 49.2%). Statistically significant risk factors differed between the two groups: in ICU patients, only diabetes mellitus (OR 2.50; p = 0.017) was significant; while in non-ICU patients, chronic kidney disease (OR 0.644; p = 0.037) and a history of prior antibiotic use (OR 3.037; p = 0.011) were significant factors. Additionally, 4.21% of all isolates were confirmed as VRSA. Conclusion: MRSA incidence was higher among patients in non-ICU wards. The main risk factors differed between units: diabetes mellitus was prominent among ICU patients, whereas chronic kidney disease and previous antibiotic use played a role among non-ICU patients. These differences highlight the need for infection prevention and control strategies tailored to the specific risk profiles of each care unit.
Kajian Awal Proses Konversi Limbah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Alternatif Menggunakan Alat Sederhana pada Skala Praktikum Tarigan, Junita; Raju, Raju
Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Energi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jebt.2026.30917

Abstract

Plastic waste has become an increasingly serious environmental problem due to the high consumption of plastic materials and their resistance to natural degradation. On the other hand, plastics contain a high proportion of hydrocarbons, making them potentially suitable as alternative energy sources through thermal conversion processes. This study aims to explore the conversion of plastic bottle waste into liquid fuel using a simple apparatus at a practicum scale. An experimental approach was employed with descriptive observations focusing on process duration and heating temperature characteristics. The conversion system was designed using simple components, consisting of a metal can reactor, a plastic hose as a gas outlet, a cooling system utilizing ice as the cooling medium, and a container for collecting condensed products. Plastic waste was heated using a stove as the heat source, and reactor temperatures were recorded at 10-minute intervals until the conversion process ended. The results showed that the reactor temperature increased gradually and reached a maximum of 360.1 °C, which falls within the active pyrolysis temperature range. From an initial plastic mass of 300 g, 6 g of liquid fuel was produced with a yield of 2%, along with 82 g of solid residue. The relatively low liquid yield indicates limitations in heat distribution and condensation efficiency within the simple system. Combustion tests demonstrated that the produced liquid fuel was able to burn stably for 3 minutes and 17 seconds with an orange-reddish flame, indicating the presence of combustible hydrocarbon fractions. This study demonstrates that plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel can be directly observed using simple equipment at a practicum scale, supporting energy conversion learning and providing a basis for further research with improved system design.
Co-Authors Putri, Maulinda Raju, Raju Sitompul, Owen Suhartomi